To Defend Free Speech Or Not - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1680 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Freedom of Speech Essay Did you like this example? University campuses are subject to debates across the country. Students are speaking out against racial injustice revealed in unwelcoming, sometimes hostile environments on college campuses. But to some, their demands have gone too far. Are the protestors silencing free speech, or are they just trying to be heard? And are the universities responding by defending free speech, or by suppressing it? This paper attempts to discuss these questions. Review of literature The freedom of speech has been defined by the New World Encyclopedia as the right to express oneself, either orally or in writing, without fear of governmental restraint or retribution. In the Unites States, this freedom is protected by the 1st Amendment to the Constitution, and is considered essential to the strength of the government. At the core of 1st Amendment concerns is the protection of expression that is critical of government policies. As with other civil liberties, the freedom of speech does not exist in a vacuum. Limitations of freedom of speech arise when it comes to the violation of the rights of others. Freedom of speech is not protected when it comes to expressions involving slander, harassment, obscenity, subversion, or criminal conduct (Funk Wagnalls, 2016). The concept of freedom of speech developed gradually due to societal problems of the Middle-Ages. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "To Defend Free Speech Or Not?" essay for you Create order For example, in England, freedom of speech emerged due to struggles for individual liberties and democratic government starting in the 16th century. In France, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was issued after the French Revolution in 1789 which included the right of freedom of speech to citizens. In the U.S., freedom of speech was included in the Constitution of the United States, starting with that of Virginia in 1776. It was abridged by congress in 1798 by the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts which in which it was deemed illegal to stand-in opposition to the government. During the industrialization era, problems of free speech were connected with unionization. During World War I, academic freedom was impaired and the freedom of speech was abridged in cases of foreigners, labor organizers, pacifists, and radicals. In Europe, freedom of speech was abolished by the totalitarian governments of some countries. Freedom of speech regained strength with the Unive rsal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 when it was declared as a fundamental right by the United Nations. Since then, the courts became protective of this concept (Funk Wagnalls, 2016). In 2014, two fraternity students were expelled from the University of Oklahoma after an online video was streamed showing them singing a racist song on a bus. The president of the university explained that the two students were expelled because of their leadership role in leading a racist and exclusionary chant which created a hostile educational environment for others. Several argue that the racist chant was protected under the Constitution (Papandrea, 2017). In 2017, Latino students at Cornell University complained to the school that fraternity brothers were heard shouting that they wanted a wall be built around the Latino Living Center on campus. The Latino students demanded an apology and that the fraternity undergo diversity training. They also asked that the school recognizes that there is an environment of discrimination on campus. The university expressed concerns about the incident but also recognized the right of open expression. A Latino student responded to the university statement by stating: Free speech is not speech that is aimed to hurt; free speech that dehumanizes is not free (Steinmetz, 2017). These two incidents catch a glimpse of what is happening on university campuses. Campuses across the country are divided as students and university personnel are trying to fight against discrimination while preserving freedom of speech. Censoring and even punishing students who engage in offensive speech is on the rise among universities (Papandrea, 2017). Universities are struggling more than ever to create a balance between adhering to the First Amendment as it applies to the freedom of speech while creating inclusive communities. The pressure to punish offensive speech increases as does the criticism to this pressure. With the development in technology, complications as to whether and when a university should or can punish students for their online offensive activities. Instead of appreciating the traditional role that the universities play in sharing and discussing ideas, students, alumni, and the public seem to think that whenever a college tolerates offensive speech, it is also endorsing these viewpoints (Papandrea, 2017). The Supreme Court has held that flag burning, public displays insulting American institutions, and published documents critical of America and the government, in particular, are constitutional exercises of free speech and that they are therefore protected from government-imposed limits. Also, the Supreme Court has held that so-called reasonable time, place and manner restrictions on free speech are constitutional. For example, keeping potentially violent protestors separated while they demonstrate at the same location is one of those vital constitutional limits a government can place on free speech. U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions shared that thirty-three percent of public universities have speech codes that constrict free speech . . . under the First Amendment. He warned schools and their leaders to ensure that freedom of expression be protected. As Sessions said, speech is under assault on college campuses. According to Sessions, those assaults are deemed unconstitutional (Youn g, T., 2017). Friedersdorf (2016) also shared that free speech is threatened on campus. He cited Professor Shaun Harper, head of the Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education at the University of Pennsylvania who noted that there has been a significant increase in the demand for our campus climate work. Friedersdorf summarized examples of demands to punish speech on college campuses: The Wall Street Journal reported a survey of 800 college students that found 51 percent favored speech codes. Yale protestors formally asked the university to fire two professors in residence life because they were upset by an email one of them wrote. Amherst students called for a speech code sanctioning a student for making an All Lives Matter poster. Student activists at Duke asked for disciplinary sanctions for students who attend culturally insensitive parties, etc. At Emory, student activists asked that student evaluations include a field to report microaggressions to help ensure that there are repercu ssions or sanctions, and that the social network Yik Yak be banished from campus. Another narrow area of campus expression that is under threat: The formal speech. In 2015 alone, Robin Steinberg was disinvited from Harvards law school, and Suzanne Venker from Williams College. The rapper Big Sean was almost disinvited from Princeton at the request of students. Efforts are seen to censor speakers based on their viewpoints. Free speech on campus is threatened from a dozen directions. It is threatened by administrators, and students who are intolerant of disagreements in point of views. It is threatened by activists asking for speech codes and sanctions for professors or classmates who disagree with them. It is threatened by people who push to disinvite speakers because of their viewpoints and those who shut down events to prevent people from speaking. Although free speech advocates believe that viewpoints need to be heard before getting rejected, others say that if viewpoints invalidate the humanity of some people then restrictions should apply (Ulrich, 2017). While there is a recent focus on reducing/eliminating hate speech on campuses, first amendment advocates are accusing universities and colleges of being squeamish about exposing students to ideas that make them feel uncomfortable. In a poll published by William Buckley, 50% of students said they often felt intimidated to offer views that differ from their classmates or professors. Sixty-three percent of students said that they thought political correctness was a problem on campus, while 50% said they favor their school banning political cartoons on campus that criticize a particular religion or ethnicity. Ron Krotoszynki, professor of law at the University of Alabama shared that Universities need to secure an environment where it protects its core missions of teaching, learning and research, but at the same time, universities cant maintain that environment without regard to First Amendment rights (Madhani Yu, 2015). Discussion The university is the place where students should be challenged, and where everything they know should be put into question. Being subjected to controversial issues is essential for them to think critically. Experiences they face allows them to grow. Universities will not do students a favor by overprotecting them from the real world. It represents a transition stage into adulthood, where students start to analyze and take a stance about what is out-there, what is waiting for them after graduation. The university setting is a place where students from different backgrounds and values come together and learn from each other. The experiences they face allow them to question preconceptions they have and decide for themselves what to believe in and how to proceed in the face of social and controversial issues. The Supreme Court has supported freedom of speech as essential to the atmosphere of the college/university. Nonetheless, racist speech does do psychological harm to students who already are feeling oppressed. Alienation, depression, and anger are consequences of such speech. Millennials are being described as a generation of snowflakes, quick to melt like snow in the sun when challenged. Some argue that the university setting provides a safe space for victims of racism and/or oppression to fight back and educate others about their experiences and the harm that racism does in general. Other believe that victims will get more alienated thinking that the university is just another place supporting racism. So, what is the ethical thing to do and what should universities do in the face of these different point of views? Some universities have chosen to take action by generating codes of conduct and refuting speeches deemed to create hostility or intimidation towards minority students. Others created codes banning verbal assaults. The First Amendment does not deny the university the right to identify sanctions when it comes to usage of obscenity, abuse, or defamation. The confusion stands when it comes to defining these words as they apply to universities settings and managing tensions between eliminating racism and protecting students while also protecting their constitutional rights.

Financial Analysis on Severn Trent PLC, being compared with United Utilities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1931 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Financial Analysis on Severn Trent PLC, being compared with United Utilities Trend Analysis Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Analysis on Severn Trent PLC, being compared with United Utilities" essay for you Create order The annual reports indicate that Severn Trent has experienced a steady rise in revenue over the period, with the exception of 2006 to 2007, when revenue fell by a third. This fall in revenue was due to the demerger of Biffa Plc, the waste collection and management company; as well as the sale of Severn Trent Property and US Laboratories. In addition, over the period from 2004 to 2007, the companys total equity fell by around 50% as a result of the demergers, as well as the decision to make a 575 million special dividend payout to shareholders in 2006. Over the period of the study, United Utilities has had much smoother performance, with revenue increasing steadily by up to 12% per year, with a small contraction from 2006 to 2007. United Utilities total equity has also risen by around 50%, to the point where it is now more than two and a half times that of Severn Trent, although United Utilities has only twice the post tax profit. This could imply that Severn Trents restructuring and demerging has made it more efficient when compared to its competitor. However, over the period of the study, the company has greatly expanded its balance sheet, taking on an additional 470 million of current assets and around 1.3 billion of long term debt. Most of the current assets were added from 2007 to 2008, as was most of the long term debt. This is due to the issue of new long term debt by Severn Trent to finance a major investment program to improve efficiency and meet its government KPIs. Severn Trents strategy of using long term debt for investment seems to be different from United Utilities, which has also increased its net assets by around 50%, but this has led to an 800 million increase in short term debt, with a 500 million reduction in long term debt over the course of the period. This could indicate that United Utilities current investments are more focused on short term gains and improvements, which Severn Trent is focusing on long term improvements to finance the long term debt. In terms of revenue and profits, Severn Trent has managed to raise its post tax profit by around 25 million, or around 14%, over the period, in spite of the loss in revenue due to the Biffa disposal. This represent significant financial efficiency gains, largely driven by the fact that operating costs have fallen by an even greater amount than the companys revenue. This indicates that the companys demergers and investments have been very effective at increasing the companys efficiency, even with the payout of a 575 million special dividend. In contrast, United Utilities has only seen a 15% rise in profit after tax in spite of seeing an increase in revenue of 11%, and not making any significant dividend payouts to investors. This indicates that, over the period of the study, Severn Trent has been more efficient than United Utilities in producing returns for its shareholders. Indeed, United Utilities has failed to even grow its revenues at the same rate as the overall UK water industry , which increased in size by a CAGR of 3.5% from 2002 to 2007 (Datamonitor, 2008a). Finally, Severn Trent has managed to reduce both its trade receivables and inventory over the period, indicating greater efficiency. However, it has only managed to reduce trade receivables by only 4%, in spite of a 23% fall in revenues. This implies that the company has not actually been effective at reducing receivables, particularly considering receivables fell by 100 million with the Biffa demerger. However, given that United Utilities saw a 37% increase in receivables over the same period, and a 22% increase in inventory, it seems that Severn Trent has performed better than its competitor. Ratio Analysis In this section; I will be analysing the ratios for Severn Trent Plc over the period 2004-2008 to determine the companys performance, and comparing them with United Utilities to gain an idea of the performance relative to industry peers. The main limitation to this analysis is that as Biffa, which was demerged in 2006, was a waste management company, it will have a different cost base to Severn Trent, and results from before this period may not be comparable to those after. In addition, the change in accounting standards from UK GAAP in 2004 and 2005 to IAS in 2006 (Severn Trent, 2009) may have caused inconsistencies in the ratio calculations. Unfortunately, without detailed management accounts, it will be impossible to determine the exact impact these changes will have. Liquidity Ratios Over the period from 2004 to 2005, Severn Trent maintained a very low current ratio of just 0.6, with an acid test ratio of around 0.55. This indicated that the company was in serious danger of liquidity problems should its creditors have decided to call in any loans. Indeed, in 2006 the current ratio fell to 0.44, and the acid test ratio to just 0.4. At this point, the company only had enough liquid assets to cover two fifths of its total short term liabilities, which could have been a cause for significant concern, particularly given that United Utilities maintained current and ratios of at least 1.15 over the same period. In 2007, both Severn Trents ratios rose slightly to 0.48 and 0.47; however this still placed the company in potential difficulties. However, from 2007 to 2008 the additional long term the company took on allowed Severn Trent to boost its cash reserves by around 500 million, boosting the current ratio to 1.15 and the quick ratio to 1.12. This action, which was pos sibly in response to concerns around the liquidity of short term credit during the credit crunch, brought both liquidity ratios up to a comparable level to United Utilities; which stood at 1.30 for the current ratio and 1.28 for the quick ratio respectively. Gearing / Solvency Ratio Over the period, Severn Trents debt ratio has increased from around 56% to 77%. This increase has generally been steady, but there was a significant jump from 2006 to 2007, from 62% to 74%, probably due to the disposal of the Biffa group and other assets. In terms of long term debt only, there was also a jump from 69% to 75% from 2007 to 2008, as a result of the additional long term debt taken on for restructuring and to raise cash. In contrast, over the same period United Utilities has steadily paid down its debts and reduced both debt ratios from both being around 68% in 2004 to the total ratio being 59% and the long term only being 54% in 2008. This could indicate greater prudence from United Utilities, or it could indicate that United Utilities is less efficient, and cannot find good places to invest its debts. Both companys debt to equity ratios have mirrored their debt ratios, with Severn Trents going from 129% in 2004 to 339% in 2008, whilst United Utilities has fallen from 213% in 2004 to 145% in 2008. In addition, Severn Trent has seen its interest cover fall from 9.6 in 2004 and 2005 to just 3.9 in 2008, whilst United Utilities has risen from 5.5 to 9.2 over the same period. This could indicate that, in spite of the greater efficiency discussed above, Severn Trents high debt levels could now be a cause for concern, and could cause the company to post losses if revenue falls or costs rise. Activity Ratios Severn Trents net asset turnover ratio and the non-current assets turnover ratio has remained fairly steady over the period 2004 to 2006, however it dropped quite sharply as the revenue generating assets of Biffa and the other demerged parts of the business were sold in 2006, going from 0.42 in 2006 to 0.29 in 2007. However, as of 2008, both ratios stand at around 0.25, which is very similar to United Utilities where they are 0.28 and 0.3 respectively. This indicates that Severn Trents demerging has brought its asset turnover ratios back to the standard level for the industry. Inventory turnover ratios for both companies are very high, however given that both companies primarily trade water, this is to be expected. Severn Trents inventory turnover has increased significantly since the Biffa demerger, and it now turns over its inventory around every six days. However, United Utilities turns its inventory over around every 3.5 days, indicating that it is either more efficient, or holds lower levels of inventory relative to its customer base. Both companies have high receivables days, which again could be expected given that the companies must work out flexible payment plans with their customers according to their charters. As such, any late payment generally needs to be treated more flexibly than in most businesses (Datamonitor, 2008b; Datamonitor, 2008c). However, Datamonitor (2008c) reports that Severn Trents asset and receivables turnover ratios are much lower than its peer companies, indicating a lack of operational efficiency. Profitability Ratios Severn Trents ROCE saw a quite significant increase from 7.7% in 2004 to 9.4% in 2006, with the ROCE on long term debt only going from 8.5% to 11.3%. However, following the Biffa demerger ROCE fell back to 7.57% and 8.29% respectively, which is likely due to the additional debt the company took on. This is mentioned in the 2008 accounts, where the Chief Executive discusses maintaining the debt ratio (Severn Trent, 2009). This is lower that Severn Trent, which has a ROCE of 8.4% and ROCE on short term debt of 9.5%. However, these figures have fallen from 11.6% and 11.7% respectively, which may indicate that United Utilities is moving towards where Severn Trent is. However, Severn Trents return on equity shows a significant and decisive move from 8.3% in 2004 to 17.5% in 2008. This is consistent with the companys strategic goal of increasing its return on equity to its shareholders, and indicates significant shareholder value creation. In contrast, over the same period United Utilities has fallen from 17.6% to 13% respectively, indicating that United Utilities is becoming more inefficient and creating less value for shareholders. Over the same period, Severn Trent has increased its gross profit margin from 19.4% to 25.8%, and net profit margin from 9.2% to 13.6%. This again indicates significant efficiency gains, mainly from the disposals which occurred in 2006, with gross margin going from 20.6% to 25.3% and net margin going from 9.9% to 16.8% from 2006 to 2007, before falling back in 2008. In contrast, United Utilities has witnessed more stagnant performance, with its gross profit margin falling from 35.3% to 28.1% and net profit margin rising slightly, but only from 17.1% to 17.6%. This implies that, as discussed above, United Utilities is performing poorly, and failing to create value through efficiency and gross profits. As such, it is forced to resort to paying down debt to maintain its net profit margins. Segmental Analysis Segmenting Severn Trents business is extremely simple: over 80% of the companys revenue comes from its core business of water and sewage, operated in the area from mid Wales to Rutland and from the Bristol Channel to the Humber (Severn Trent, 2009). Other important areas of business generally fall under water purification and operating services; pipeline rehabilitation; pipeline repair; and metering services. This is combined with a diversified portfolio of environmental services, giving Severn Trent a broad base to operate within water services. Prior to the demerger of the Biffa group and other business groups, Severn Trent had interests in other sectors including household waste management. However it has now concentrated its business in the water segment, with significant financial benefits. If this focus can allow its operating efficiency to reach that of its competitors, it may be able to improve yet further. References Datamonitor (2008a) Water Utilities Industry Profile: United Kingdom. Datamonitor Industry Profiles; September 2008. Datamonitor (2008b) United Utilities Plc. Datamonitor Company Profiles; April 2008. Datamonitor (2008b) Severn Trent Plc. Datamonitor Company Profiles; January 2008. Severn Trent (2009) Severn Trent PLC. https://www.severntrent.com/ Accessed 6th January 2009.

Classroom Observation Report Observation - 1759 Words

Tami Lesser June 4, 2017 Observation Report: I observed a girls second grade classroom in Arie Crown Hebrew Day School. The class had 28 students. There was one head teacher and one teacher’s assistant in the class. Bathrooms were located down the hall and students did not need to ask permission to use them, however, only one student could leave at a time. Students lockers were located right outside the classroom, they can leave their coats and boots there if need be. The room was quite large considering the size of the class. There were five rows of desks, that sometimes would be pushed together into groups of four, and to the side of the class was a big carpet the children could sit on. Backpacks where hung on the back of their chairs†¦show more content†¦April 5, 12:30- 3:55 The students sat back in their desks and were asked to take out their writing notebooks and folders. Children were handed out a worksheet that had two columns of prefixes and suffixes, they were asked to match the prefixes and suffixes to each other to make a complete word. The teacher and assistant teacher walked around the classroom to make sure they were doing it correctly, and offered feedback and suggestions. After that, the teacher wrote some vocabulary words on the board, and the students had to copy them down along with the sentences the teacher dictated to them. They had a conversation about the words and the teacher sounded out some words and pointed out some spelling rules. They then divided into groups of 4 and had to make up new sentences with the words. Each group then read their sentences aloud. The teacher had an excellent rapport with her students and it was evident that clear classroom rules and routines had been established from the beginning of the school year. Students sat attentively, raised their hands to answer questions, and had good turn taking skills. Next was guided reading. The teacher explained to the class the options of what they can be doing, such as reading their library book as independent reading while looking for adjectives, finishing a writing assignment she had previously assigned, or doing guided reading with the teacher. This is done in groups according to their level, inShow MoreRelatedObservation Report On Classroom Observation1883 Words   |  8 PagesData Report The following data was gathered while fulfilling duties as a principal intern at Theresa Bunker Elementary School. The data was observed during five to seven minutes of classroom observation as part of a walk-through in the spring of the current school year. My cooperating supervisor for my internship was able to go on these walk-throughs with me in order to have a productive reflection meeting afterwards. This elementary school has two of each grade level from Kindergarten to sixthRead MoreObservation Report On Classroom Observation1404 Words   |  6 PagesFor this observation, I observed in a fifth-grade elementary school classroom at Dunlap Elementary School in Yucaipa. The teacher, Mrs. Aldulaimi, of the classroom has been teaching full time for the past five years but has been substituting for twenty plus years. She has a class of about thirty so students but as of recently many of her students are moving away and changing school districts. She really seems to be passionate about teaching but may appear overly strict with the children. The physicalRead MoreReport on Classroom Observation1945 Words   |  8 PagesREPORT on CLASS OBSERVATION Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrateRead MoreReport on Classroom Observation1932 Words   |  8 PagesREPORT on CLASS OBSERVATION Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrateRead MoreObservation Report About Classroom Observation1630 Words   |  7 PagesI have visited the Cranbury Presbyterian Nursery School and have observed the classroom in great detail during my last three visits. In this preschool classroom, there are usually 8-10 students present whose ages are from 2 to 2  ½. There are also three adult staff present without including myself. This classroom consists of two rooms which are connected to each other. One room only has a large circle rug and a rectangular table. The other room adja cent to it is slightly larger and contains multipleRead MoreClassroom Observation Report944 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Observation: As I entered into the science room, the students were being given a science â€Å"dipstick† labeled â€Å"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems†. This â€Å"dipstick† sums up the unit that the students have been working on where they created their ecosystem posters and determined which animals belong in each ecosystem. The teacher explained to the students that she calls these â€Å"dipsticks† instead of â€Å"tests† because these documents are more focused on seeing what they took away from theRead MoreClassroom Observation Report1167 Words   |  5 Pageseighteen years of experience and she used technology consistently at home and in a classroom. She also worked in a computer related business. This particular class was an upper level reading class. They had to research information about an athlete. The first page of power point was a picture of the athlete and a portion of a report that they had found on the internet. The second page of the report consisted of using a digital camera in which the teacher took a picture of eachRead MoreEssay on Classroom Observation Report2176 Words   |  9 Pagesteacher and her students in an observation I did in a false beginner English as Second Language (ESL) class at the University of Texas. The purpose of this report is to reflect on the teacher’s teaching strategies and class environment in relation with what I have learned in my Teaching Methods class. Throughout this paper, a variety of students’ and teacher’s behavior will be discussed that will be analyzed in the reflection section. II. Before the Observation After I arranged a dayRead MoreClassroom Observation Report Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesClassroom Observation On two different days, several observations took place in two different types of environment. I observed a teacher and her students of a second grade elementary school and a teacher and her students aged 18 months to two years old in a daycare environment. I observed the environment and interaction of the teacher and his or her studentsRead MoreEssay on Classroom Observation Report1086 Words   |  5 PagesClassroom Observation I use to believe that being a teacher was going to be eight hours of teaching and being with children. Being a teacher seemed to be the easiest career choice out there for me. After viewing the students of all ages and levels, I have changed my opinion of teaching. There is an unknown side to the world that can only be seen

Improvement Strategies of the Post-Secondary Education

Question: Discuss about the Essay for improvement strategies of the post-secondary education. Answer: This essay aimed to make a thorough analysis on the two attractive ideas regarding the improvement strategies of the post-secondary education made by Barack Obama. These ideas would deal with the expansion of the use of community colleges as well as the tuition tax credits. One of the two attractive ideas is about discarding the bachelors degree as a job qualification. In this essay, Barack Obama has stated that this first idea would not be that difficult to establish. On the other hand, the second attractive idea that has been mentioned and described by Barack Obama in this essay is about the Certification test that would not omit the role of innate ability. From the entire discussion of the story, it can be understood that Barack Obama has tried to make the contemporary post-secondary education more interesting for the learners. He has mainly established the benefits of the two ideas relating to the improvement of the post secondary education. Therefore, from this story it can be understood that the advantages of discarding the bachelors degree as a job qualification would be very influential for the job applicants as well as employers. On the other hand, certification tests would not result in the elimination of the role of innate ability. The author of this particular essay talks about the education that is being provided in the primary and the secondary school. According to the author, the education that is being provided in these schools, are not useful. It is nothing more than mere athletic or musical talent. The statement can be considered as a truth because most of the time students of liberal arts do not succeed in achieving good results in the science subjects. There are of course exceptional but those exceptional are very rare in a country. The people who are gifted with ability to succeed in all the major subjects in the college level are rare (Brankovic 2016). Moreover, students are not only gifted because they have the ability to succeed but also because they have plenty of money. Most of the students do not fall into this category. Therefore, even though, many students can pursue liberal arts in their college level, they do not show that willingness to do that. It is true that in case of job the bachelors degree of the students are given much more importance than any other degree. It is something that is common in almost every nation. It is because of these reasons that there are many students, who are worthy enough to get an opportunity to apply for a job. It can be argued that in reality these degrees really do not have any importance at all, and they are nothing more than a time waste (Chow and Chu 2013). If there is an opening in any job position then employees should be selected on the basis of their skills. The author argues that the employees need to know the job description and had to work accordingly. Therefore, there is no need of the bachelor degree, for this thing. People could apply for the job without their bachelor degree. The author here argues for the use of the certification test. The author, supports the fact that if the companies, who are hiring employees. Introduce the certification test then that is better for the employees. The certification test will let the company, whether or not the people are at all eligible to carry on the work in that particular organization. It can be said that the certification tests can eliminate the innate abilities that are there in a particular human beings. The bachelors education and the other education can help in nurturing those innate abilities. The author of the essay again negates the particular argument. The author here suggests that the certification course does not mean that there will be an elimination of the innate abilities. People who have the real talents and the abilities should show their work and apply for any job. The author provides the example of the computer programmers, who does not have any degree and they do not event sit for any certificat ion exam as well; yet they get a job by showing their job. The essay here argues that in todays world what people need is little bit of imagination. The degrees are important in the life of the students; but this statement is true for the students living in the 20th century (Grove and Ostrer 2015). Today, the vocational training, the certification tests and the imagination of the students are enough for getting a job. The bachelor degree should be for there who are interested in the academics. Bachelors degree in a company is not at all, all the organization need is someone who could understand and carry on the work efficiently. Thus, if the bachelors degree is discarded in case of the job application then it will help both the companies and the unemployed youth. References Brankovic, J. (2016). The Re-Institutionalization of Higher Education in the Western Balkans [electronic resource] : the Interplay between European Ideas, Domestic Policies, and Institutional Practices.Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2014.. Chow, M. and Chu, J. (2013). After college tweet book01 [electronic resource] : dealing with life after college.Cupertino, CA : THiNKaha,. Grove, T. and Ostrer, I. (2015).The world is waiting for you : graduation speeches to live by from activists, writers, and visionaries. New York: The New Press, p.208. Hassan and the graduates. (2014). [DVD] Bullfrog Films: James Heer. Kehm, B. and Musselin, C. (2013).The development of higher education research in Europe [electronic resource] : 25 years of CHER. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, p.135. Mary Kay., S. and Johnston, J. (2012).Survival secrets of colleges students. 2nd ed. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, p.193. Rostan, M. and Vaira, M. (2011).Questioning Excellence in Higher Education [electronic resource] : Policies, Experiences and Challenges in National and Comparative Perspective. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, p.193. Schwarzenegger., K. (2014).I just graduated... now what? : honest answers from those who have been there. New York: Crown Archetype, p.278. VukasoviĆ¡, M., Maassen, P., Nerland, M., Stensaker, B., Pinheiro, R. and Vab, A. (2012).Effects of Higher Education Reforms [electronic resource] : Change Dynamics. Rotterdam: SensePublishers : Imprint: SensePublishers, p.312. Wang, Z. (2015).Degrees of Affinity [electronic resource] : Studies in Comparative Literature and Translation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, p.193.