Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 9

Mary-Lynnette's hearing had gone funny. Sheheard Kestrel's words like a character remembering a phrase In a bad movie. Kill them, kill them, kill them. Mark laughed In a very strange way. This is going to be really rotten for him, MaryLynnette thought, curiously dispassionate. I mean, if we were going tolive through this, which we're not, it would be really rotten for him. He was already afraidof girls, and sort of pessimistic about life in general â€Å"Why don't we all sit down?† Rowan said with astifled sigh. â€Å"We've got to figure this out.† Mark threw back his head and gave another shortbark of a laugh. â€Å"Why not?† he said. â€Å"Let's all sit down, why not?† They're fast as whippets, Mary-Lynnette thought.If we run now, they'll catch us. But If we sit, and they get comfortable, and I distract them-or hitthem with something†¦ â€Å"Sitl† she ordered Mark briskly. Rowan and Kestrel moved away from the deer and sat. Jade stood with her hands on her hips for a moment, then sat,too. Sitting, Mark was still acting punch-drunk. Hewaved the flashlight around. â€Å"You girls aresomethingelse. You girls are really-â€Å" â€Å"We're vampires,† Jade said sharply. â€Å"Yeah.† Mark laughed quietly to himself. â€Å"Yeah,† he said again. Mary-Lynnette took the flashlight away from him. She wanted control of it. And it was heavy plastic and metal. It was a weapon. And while one layer of her mind was thinking:Shine the light in their eyesat just the rightmoment andthen hit oneof them; another part was thinking:Shemeans they'repeoplewhothinkthey're vampires;peoplewith that weird disease that makes them anemic; and one final part was saying:Youmight as well faceit;they're real. Mary-Lynnette's world view had been knocked rightout of the ballpark. â€Å"Don't you justhate that,† Mark was saying. â€Å"You meet a girl and she seems pretty nice and you tell all your friends and then before you know it she turnsout to be avampire.Don't you just hate it when that happens?† Oh. God, he's hysterical, Mary-Lynnette realized. She grabbed his shoulder and hissed in his ear, â€Å"Get a grip, now.†, â€Å"I don't see what the point is in talking to them,Rowan,† Kestrel was saying. â€Å"You know what wehave to do.† And Rowan was rubbing her forehead. â€Å"I was thinkingwe might influence them,† she said in an undertone. â€Å"You know why that won't work.† Kestrel's voice was soft and flat. â€Å"Why?† Jade said sharply. â€Å"They followed us for a reason,† Rowan saidtiredly. She nodded toward the hole. â€Å"So they've been suspicious for a while-for how long?† She looked at Mary-Lynnette. â€Å"I saw you dig the hole Tuesday night,† MaryLynnette said. She nodded toward the hole. â€Å"Is that your aunt in there?† There was a brief silence and Rowan looked selfconscious. Then she inclined her head slightly. Gracefully. â€Å"Oh, hell,† Mark said. His eyes were shut and his head was rolling on his neck. â€Å"Oh,hell. They've got Mrs. B. in a bag.† â€Å"Two days,† Rowan said to Jade. â€Å"They've suspected for two whole days. And we can't remove memories that are interlaced with other things for that long. We'd never know if we got them all.† â€Å"Well, we could just takeeverything for the last two days,† Jade said. Kestrel snorted. â€Å"And have two more people wandering around with lost time?† Mary-Lynnette's mind went click. â€Å"Todd Akers andVic Kimble,† she said. â€Å"You did something to give them amnesia.I knew there had to be a connection.† â€Å"There's no other choice for us,† Kestrel said quietly to Rowan. â€Å"And you know it as well as I do.† She's not being malicious, Mary-Lynnette realized.Just practical. If a lioness or a wolf or a falcon could talk, it would say the same thing. â€Å"We have to either kill or die; it's as simple as that.† Despite herself, Mary-Lynnette felt something like fascination-and respect. Mark had his eyes open now. And Rowan was looking sad, so sad. It's awful, her expression said, but somebody here is going to have to get hurt. Rowan bowed her head, then lifted it to face MaryLynnette directly. Their eyes met, held. After a moment Rowan's face changed slightly and she nodded. Mary-Lynnette knew that in that instant they werecommunicating without words. Each recognizing the other as an alpha female who was willing to fightand die for her kin. Meaning they were both big sisters. Yes, somebody's going to get hurt, Mary-Lynnette thought. You threaten myfamily,I fight back. She knew Rowan understood. Rowan was going to really hate killing her†¦. â€Å"No,† a voice said passionately, and MaryLynnette realized it was Jade. And the next second Jade was on her feet, hands clenched, words erupting like a steam boiler exploding. â€Å"No, youcan'tkill Mark. I won'tletyou.† Rowan said, â€Å"Jade, I know this is hard-â€Å"Kestrel said, â€Å"Jade, don't be a wimp-â€Å" Jade was trembling, body tensed like a cat ready to fight. Her voice was louder than either of them. â€Å"You just can't do itl I think -Ithink-† â€Å"Jade-â€Å" â€Å"I thinkhe's my soulmate!† Dead silence. Then Rowan groaned. â€Å"Oh, dear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Kestrel said, â€Å"Oh,sure.† They were both looking at Jade. Focused on her. Mary-Lynnette thought, now. She swung the flashlight viciously at Kestrel, wanting to take her out first, betting that Rowan would stay behind if Kestrel were hurt. But the swing never connected, Mark threw himself in front of her, slamming into her arm. â€Å"Don't hurt Jade!† Then everything was just a mad tangle. Arms, legs,grasping fingers, kicking feet. Jade and Mark both yelling for it to stop. Mary-Lynnette felt the flashlight wrenched out of her hand. She found long hair, got hold of it, yanked. Someone kicked her, and pain blossomed in her ribs. Then she felt herself being dragged backward Mark was holding her, pulling her away from thefight. Jade was lying on top of Kestrel and clutching at Rowan. Everybody was panting. Mark was almost crying. â€Å"We just can't do this,† he said. â€Å"This is terrible.This is all wrong.† Meanwhile Jade was snarling, â€Å"He's my soulmate,okay?Okay? I can't do anything with himdead!† â€Å"He's not your soulmate, idiot,† Kestrel said in a somewhat muffled voice. She was facedown on the carpet of needles. â€Å"When you're soulmates, it hits you like lightning, and you know that's the one person in the world you were meant to be with. Youdon'tthink you're soulmates; you just know it's your destiny whether you like it or not.† Somewhere, deep in Mary-Lynnette's brain, something stirred in alarm. But she had more urgentthings to worry about. â€Å"Mark, get out of here,† she said breathlessly. ?Run!? Mark didn't even ease his grip. â€Å"Why do we have to be enemies?† â€Å"Mark, they're killers .You can't justify that. They killed their own aunt.† Three faces turned toward her, startled. A half-fullmoon had risen above the trees, and Mary-Lynnette could see them clearly. â€Å"We didnot!† Jade said indignantly. â€Å"What made you think that?† Rowan asked.Mary-Lynnette felt her mouth hang open. â€Å"Be cause you buried her, for God's sakel† â€Å"Yes, but we found her dead.† â€Å"Somebody staked her,† Kestrel said, brushingpine needles out of her golden hair. â€Å"Probably a vampire hunter. I don't suppose you'd know anything about that.† Mark gulped. â€Å"Staked her-with a stake?† â€Å"Well, with a picket from the fence,† Kestrel said. â€Å"She was already dead?† Mary-Lynnette said toRowan. â€Å"But then why on earth did you bury her in the backyard?† â€Å"It would have been disrespectful to leave her in the cellar.† ‘But why didn't you have her taken to a cemetery?†Rowan looked dismayed. Jade said, â€Å"Um, you haven't seen Aunt Opal.† â€Å"She's not looking so good,† Kestrel said. â€Å"Kind ofhard and stiff. You might say mummified.† â€Å"It's what happens to us,† Rowan said almostapologetically. Mary-Lynnette slumped back against Mark, trying to get her new world view into place. Everything was whirling. â€Å"So†¦ you were just trying to hide her. But †¦ you did do something to Todd Akers and Vic Kim-â€Å" â€Å"Theyattackedus,† Jade interrupted. â€Å"They were thinking very bad things and they pinched our arms.† â€Å"They-?† Mary-Lynnette sat up suddenly. All at once she understood. â€Å"Oh, my God. Those jerks!† Why hadn't she thought of that? Todd and Vielast year there bad been rumors about them jumping some girl from Westgrove. So they'd tried it on these girls, and †¦ Mary-Lynnette gasped and then snorted with half inhaled laughter. â€Å"Oh, no. Oh, I hope you got them good â€Å"We just bit them a little,† Rowan said. â€Å"I wish I'd been there tosee it.† She was laughing. Rowan was smiling. Kestrel was grinning barbarically. And suddenly Mary-Lynnette knew that they weren't going to fight anymore. Everybody took a deep breath and sat back and looked at one another. They do look different from normal humans, Mary-Lynnette thought, staring at them in the moonlight. It's so obvious once you know. They wereinhumanly beautiful, of course. Rowanwith her soft chestnut hair and sweet face; Kestrelwith her feral sleekness and golden eyes; Jade with her delicate features and her hair like starshine. Likethe Three Graces, only fiercer. â€Å"Okay,† Rowan said softly. â€Å"We seem to have asituation here. Now we've got to figure somethingout.† â€Å"We won't tell on you,† Mark said. He and Jadewere gazing at each other. â€Å"We've got Romeo and Juliet on our hands here is what we've got,† Mary-Lynnette said to Rowan. But Kestrel was speaking to Rowan, too. â€Å"No matterwhatthey promise, how do we know we can be lieve them?† Rowan considered, eyes roving around the clearing. Then she let out a long breath and nodded. â€Å"There's only one way,† she said. â€Å"Blood-tie.† Kestrel's eyebrowsflew up. â€Å"Oh, really?† â€Å"What is it?† Mary-Lynnette asked. â€Å"A blood-tie?† Rowan looked helpless. â€Å"Well, it's akinship ceremony, you know.† When Mary-Lynnette just looked at her, she went on: â€Å"It makes our families related. It's like, one of our ancestors did it with a family of witches.:' Witches, Mary-Lynnette thought. Oh †¦gosh. Sowitches are real, too. I wonder how many other things are real that I don't know about? â€Å"Vampires don't usually get along with witches,† Rowan was saying. â€Å"And HunterRedfern-that's our ancestor-had a real blood feud going with themback in the sixteen hundreds.† â€Å"But then he couldn't have kids,† Jade said gleefully. â€Å"And he needed a witch to help or the wholeRedfern familywould end with him. So he had to apologize and do a kinship ceremony. And then he had all daughters.Ha ha.† Mary-Lynnette blinked. Ha ha? â€Å"So, you see, we're part witch. All the Redfern are,† Rowan was explaining in her gentle teachingvoice. â€Å"Our father used to say that's why we're so disobedient,† Jade said. â€Å"Because it's in our genes . Because in witchfamilies, womenare in charge.† Mary-Lynnette began to like witches. â€Å"Ha ha,† shesaid. Mark gave her a skittish sideways look. â€Å"The point is that we could do a ceremony like that now,† Rowan said. â€Å"It would make us family forever. We couldn't betray each other.† â€Å"No problem,† Mark said, still looking at Jade. â€Å"Fine with me,†Jade said, and gave him a quick, fierce smile. But Mary-Lynnette was thinking. It was a serious thing Rowan was talking about. You couldn't do something like this on a whim. It was worse than adopting a puppy; it was more like getting married. It was a lifetimeresponsibility. And even if these girls didn't kill humans, they killed animals. With their teeth. But so did people. And not always for food. Wasit worse to drink deer blood than to make baby cows into boots? Besides, strange as it seemed, she felt dose to the three sisters already. In the last couple of minutesshe'd established more of a relationship with Rowanthan she ever had with any girl at school. Fascination and respect had turned into a weird kind of instinctive trust. And besidethat, what other real choice was there? Mary-Lynnette looked at mark, and then atRowan. She nodded slowly. â€Å"Okay.† Rowan turned to Kestrel. â€Å"So I'm supposed to decide, am I?† Kestrel said.†We can't do it without you,† Rowan said. â€Å"You know that.† Kestrel looked away. Her golden eyes were narrowed. In the moonlight her profile was absolutely perfect against the darkness of trees. â€Å"It would mean we could never go home again. Make ourselves kin to vermin? That's what they'dsay.† â€Å"Who's vermin?† Mark said, jolted out of his communion with Jade. Nobody answered. Jade said, with odd dignity, â€Å"Ican't go home, anyway. I'm in love with an Outsider. And I'm going to tell him about the Night World. SoI'm dead no matter what.† Mark was opening his mouth-to protest that Jade shouldn't take such arisk forhim,Mary-Lynnette thought-when Jade added absently, â€Å"And so is he, of course.† Mark shut his mouth. Rowan said â€Å"Kestrel, we've come too far to go back.† Kestrel stared at the forest for another minute orso. Then suddenly she turned back to the others, laughing. There was something wild in her eyes. â€Å"All right, let's go the whole way,† she said. â€Å"Tell them everything. Break every rule. We might as well.† Mary-Lynnette felt a twinge. She hoped she wasn'tgoing to regret this. But what she said was â€Å"Just how do we do this-ceremony?† â€Å"Exchange blood. I've never done it before, but it's simple.† â€Å"It might be a little bit strange, though,† Jade said â€Å"because you'll be a little bit vampires afterward.† â€Å"A little bit what?† Mary-Lynnette said, her voice rising in spite of her. â€Å"Just a little bit.† Jade was measuring out tiny bitsof air between her index finger and thumb. â€Å"A drop.† Kestrel cast a look skyward. â€Å"It'll go away in a few days,† she said heavily, which was what MaryLynnette wanted to know. â€Å"As long as you don't get yourself bitten by a vampire again in the meanwhile,† Rowan added. â€Å"Otherwise, it's perfectly safe. Honestly.† Mary-Lynnette and Mark exchanged glances. Not to discuss things, they'd gone beyond that now. Just to brace themselves. Then Mary-Lynnette took a deep breath and flicked a bit of fern off her knee. â€Å"Okay,† she said, feeling lightheaded but determined. â€Å"We're ready.†

Outsourcing To India And China Essay

Outsourcing can be defined as transferring the jobs from the UK to India, China and other third world or low –wage countries. There are many advantages of outsourcing. The following paragraphs explain the relationship of outsourcing and the supply and demand economics theory(Cooke, 2005; pp 173 -180). BODY It is good business senses for multinational companies now outsource from many developing countries (like China and India). In fact, many organizations in the United Kingdom have outsourced their operations, set –up, maintenance of their computer systems and networks and production to other countries. A survey done on 162 European firms showed that half of the interviewed companies had outsourced most of their information technology jobs. These outsourced contracts form only 24 percent of Information Technology jobs. Definitely this had climbed up to 36 percent in 1998 in the United Kingdom alone. The main reason for the increase in outsourcing is the corporate priority to reduce labor and material costs. For, it costs higher to pay a European worker to do the same jobs in the United Kingdom (Bounfour 2003; pp. 84 -92). Likewise, production, call center and other jobs outsourced to China or India would cost less in terms of labor and raw materials (Richardson 1999; pp. 74-94). Evidently, it is good business senses for multinational companies now outsource from many developing countries. (Domberger 1998; p. 84 -90). It is good and bad for the UK economy for multinational companies now outsource from many developing countries (like China and India). Outsourcing is good because the public can buy the same quality products at lower prices. It is also good because lower labor cost will increase net profits. It is bad for the UK labor sector. Outsourcing has changed the labour demand in the UK. Outsourcing has caused the labour jobs especially in the manufacturing sector to decline in the UK and other European Union member states such as France and Germany according to the study by Hijzen et al in 2005. Thus, the imported products and raw materials from low –wage third world countries has greatly affected the UK companies’ demand for European manufacturing and Information Technology workers for the period 1995 to 2000. Also, outsourcing has caused a . 6 percent employment in the European Union countries. Obviously, it is good and bad for the UK economy for multinational companies now outsource from many developing countries (Barrell, Choy and Kirby 2006; pp 63 -67). There are gainers and losers from outsourcing UK jobs. First, the people hired to do the outsourcing jobs in India, China and other third world and low –wage countries will gain from outsourcing contracts. The companies that outsource the jobs will gain because now they will pay lesser labour wages for the same quality job. And, it costs lesser to outsource to China, India and other countries because the raw materials there are definitely cheaper. Further, the biggest gainers here are the entire UK and EU market because they can now buy the goods at lower prices as a result of some outsourcing companies’ reduction of their selling prices brought about by the lower labour and materials costs and expenses(Lever, 1997; pp. 37-42. The losers are the workers in the United Kingdom and the European Union member states because they are fighting a losing battle to the low wage workers in outsourcing country recipients. But the biggest losers are the competitors in the UK and EU market because the UK company that has outsourced production and IT jobs can now lower their selling prices and still earn the same old profit margins which their competitors in the same industry cannot afford to for fear of losing money(Maromonte, 1998; pp. 13-25). Economics’ supply and demand theory states that as the prices of goods decrease, then the demand for the products will increase. Glaringly, there are gainers and losers from outsourcing UK jobs. Outsourcing has many advantages and disadvantages.  The supply and demand theory explains that outsourcing jobs will increase demand for products being sold because prices of goods will decline. The competitors and UK work workers are the greatest losers from outsourcing. The UK and EU market(customers) and the company that have outsourced jobs are the greatest winners from outsourcing. Conclusively, outsourcing will benefit more people (market) than if it is not implemented. UK business, including the competitors must now jump into the boat of outsourcing to survive until the next century.

Carols Gambino

Carlo Gambino was born on August 24, 1902 in Palermo, Sicily. His family had been part of the Honored Society, for centuries. A brotherhood that used codes of honor and millions of Italian Liras to control thereown destiny and free them from repression. Only 5'7†³ and with a prominent hook nose that gave him caricature, Carlo was respected and tough, and not afraid to confront those who owed money to the Honored Society, carrying out orders with a charismatic ruthlessness that was soon noted. Gambino was â€Å"made† or inducted into the Society on his 19th birthday.At age 19 in November 1921, using his family connections from his mother's family, the Castellanos, who were already established in New York, Gambino left Palermo, Sicily for America. He was smuggled aboard a freighter among crates of wine, olive oil and anchovies that anchored at Norfolk, Virginia. Never becoming a citizen of the United States,Carlo was on the rise to the top of one of the most powerful Americ an Families. Carlo began as an enforcer for the local Society chieftain, Don Vito Cascio Ferro.Carlo would have been happy to remain in Sicily and succeed Don Vito, but the atmosphere of the rise of fascism under Vito Mussolini made it difficult for the Honored Society. Mussolini declared publicly â€Å"he would break the organization†. He worked during the era of prohibition for the Castellano family as a rum runner, a driver and sitting shotgun, eventually moving to another family working for Joe the Boss Masseria's bootlegging racket. Masseria's rival was Salvador Maranzano. Carlo joined forces with Lucky Luciano to better serve their enterprises.Luciano wanted to oust both Masseria and Maranzano. On April 15, 1931, Masseria was murdered while at a meeting with Luciano at a Coney Island restaurant. Luciano joined with Maranzano, as the new bosses. Maranzano was shot and stabbed to death in his New York offices on orders from Luciano. This left the door open for Luciano to become the top boss. Luciano divided up the New York turf that turned the Society into a business commission, with each family getting an equal vote. Gambino was assigned to Vincent Mangano, who controlled the Brooklyn wharf.At 29, Carlo was named a capo of his own crew. He brought in Paul Castellano as his aide. Gambino married his first cousin, Paul's sister, Catherine Castellano, in 1932, at age 30. They raised 3 sons and one daughter, living in a modest row house in Brooklyn. Although it was modest, it was elegant and expensive and it stood out among the other â€Å"modest† row houses. His only real evidence of vanity was his license plate on his Buick, CG1. In 1933, with Prohibition lifted, Gambino moved contraband liquor, selling alcohol without paying government taxes.He was arrested and charged with tax evasion, but he was able to beat the rap, released with a suspended sentence. Gambino invested his profits in a business that was low-key and taboo, running â€Å"Gay Bars† for homosexuals. In 1951, Gambinos boss Vincent Mangano mysteriously disappeared and Albert Anastasia, a vicious killer, took over the family, leading many to believe he had ordered Mangano's killing. He organized Murder Inc. , which some say never existed. Crime Inc. was supposed to be Anastasias hit squad to keep the families in order. He made Gambino his under boss in 1956.Anastasia was murdered on Oct. 25, 1957, while he was getting a shave at the Park Sheraton Hotel in midtown Manhattan. With a hot towel on his face, two gunmen rushed in and shot him to death. On that day, the Gambino dynasty began. In 1962, Gambinos eldest son Tommy married the daughter of rival boss Thomas Lucchese. Gambino was Shrewd about FBI surveillance, speaking little during meetings and devising a code to discuss business. Carlos illusive behavior drove the feds crazy. He was deliberately illusive and low profile, dressing down and refusing comments to reporters during brief encounters.In 1969, the Gambino Family had over 25 crews with more than 950 men. Carlo was close to Vegas star Frank Sinatra, who did not run from associating with the Gambino family. New York City police, kept a car parked in front of Gambinos home, That was marked â€Å"Organized Crime Control Bureau. † He was under constant surveillance. It was in 1969 that a Gambino crew member, John Gotti, was arrested for hijacking a truck. Carlo Gambino was charged the same year for masterminding an armed robbery truck hijacking. The case was delayed over and over again.In 1971, his wife Catherine died of cancer. Carlos was also in bad health. The loss of his wife was devastating to him. The Feds tried hard to deport Gambino to Sicily. Gambinos doctors proved he had heart trouble and would never be able to make that trip. When the feds were ready to finally deport Gambino, his family, aware of Carlos health, bought off two powerful but always unnamed US Senators, to allow him to remain in the United States. They were to be paid $25,000 a year each for life, if the deportation order could be stopped. It was.

Asylum Seeker Children in Need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asylum Seeker Children in Need - Essay Example ri Lanka, FRY (Former Republic of Yugoslavia), Afghanistan, Turkey, Pakistan, China, India and Iran, in that order, were the countries most of these applications came from. Despite the large number of immigrants seeking leave to enter and stay, only a minority get awarded the refugee status or exceptional leave to remain. A major challenge is presented in terms of meeting the needs of these immigrants and refugees is their children’s access to education which is part of their statutory rights. In a highly competitive environment, these children may be considered a potential threat to school standards and levels of achievement, by institutions and educational establishments. However, schools are given the option to exclude asylum-seekers’ and refugee pupils’ scores from the schools’ overall performance indicator if these individuals have been in the country for less than two years. The same exclusion law applies to anyone whose first language of instruction is not English. Such a policy can bring a good change if it seeks to help such students be welcomed and accepted at their respective institutions without the apprehension of the schools as to the hampering of school performance. However, on the flip side, such a decision might also result in the schools taking a lax attitude towards these children and deem them unfit for similar prospects as the other, regular students. The fact is that more than the basic needs of these children need to be catered to, as evidenced by the data that shows that children of refugees/asylum seekers are often victims of racial hatred, with the local communities often treating them as pariahs. Globalization is a reality of our times, as well as having a long history, and it is a good idea to see its process vis-Ã  -vis the challenges of asylum. It is because of globalization that people from a certain area in the world decide to move to another area, despite the financial burden thereof. What is more, such people always

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literary Analysis - Essay Example In a similar manner, the resilient attitude of Martin Luther King was able to fortify the position of the African Americans until they were able to claim complete civil liberties. The adoption of non-violent norms meant that Gandhi and King both relied on their words to convince people to action. This stood in contrast to the use of violence by the forces opposed to both Gandhi and King. Effective communication was able to afford both Gandhi and King large audiences that later allowed them to change the fate of their nations. Words publicly spoken by Gandhi and King became their strongest tools for change. If the speeches made by Gandhi and King are looked into detail, it becomes clear that both use some common techniques such as repetition, the use of metaphors, advocating non violence and creating a strong sense of moral authority. However, there are certain rhetorical elements that are unique to Gandhi and King’s manner of speaking. This paper will look into various rhetori cal techniques used by Gandhi and King to induce a sense of moral authority and why this development is important. In order to carry out this analysis, this paper will focus on â€Å"Gandhi Defends His Beliefs† and â€Å"Martin Luther Addresses the Diet of Worms†. ... In the start, Gandhi looked for greater political autonomy to provide greater freedoms in the current system of governance. However, the actions of the British and their intolerant political attitude soon convinced Gandhi that the current system was nothing more than eyewash. Gandhi took up arms in the form of his words to claim complete freedom from the British Empire. In his speech, Gandhi expresses his rage at the current system of governance by saying (Safire 363): â€Å"I have no desire whatsoever to conceal from this court the fact that to preach disaffection toward the existing system of government has become almost a passion with me.† Gandhi’s words clearly indicate that he is not fond of the government’s actions. However, Gandhi coats his words to create a moral authority which stands against the government but is still justified. In choosing his words, Gandhi ensures that his words do not hint at violence of any kind. He specifically chooses the word â €Å"disaffection† to express his reaction towards the government. This choice of words ensures that the recipient audience are not pushed towards violence while they develop a certain distance from the government. Gandhi also uses the word â€Å"passion† in order to express his fondness of hating the current system of governance. Although, it can be seen as an exaggeration but it cannot be denied that this combination of words has a significant effect. To provide his words with greater moral strength, Gandhi tends to repeat his idea of non-violence in his speech. Gandhi expressed this in the following words (Safire 364): â€Å"I wanted to avoid violence, I want to avoid violence – Nonviolence is the first article of my faith – It is also the last article of my creed

History of berlin and reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of berlin and reflection - Assignment Example to be followed subsequently by its role between the years 1871-1918 A.D., in the German Empire. Between 1919 and 1933, it served as the Weimar Republic’s capital, later on serving the Third Reich between the years 1933-1945. While the entity had held the position of 3rd largest municipality globally, WWII brought about major changes, which were to impact fundamentally, on its overall standing and role-play; not only in terms of German history, but also global geo-politics. Hence, the critical place it holds in history, and the need for its reflection on contemporary society (Gill 13). The Kreuzberg neighborhood, part of the larger Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough, remains one of the prime locations, within the greater Berlin municipality. Colloquially referred to as X-Berg, the area consists primarily of two distinct areas i.e. the SO 36 and SW 61. SO 36 mainly is home to various immigrant populations, thus the divergent cultural and religious identities present. History dealt a heavy blow to this area, especially during the ‘Cold War’ Era thereby isolating the section of the former West Berlin territory. However, later it emerged as one of the city’s core cultural centers. This is critically influenced by the fact that it is in the middle of the contemporary re-unified city. This also influences the trendy nature of the neighborhood, primarily influenced by Turkish culture. This is as a result of the populace present in the borough, with a large percentage of its populace, being second-generation individuals of Turkish ancestry. Importantly so, the neighborhood continues being an attractive area to visit, thriving on its diverse culture; with the counter-culture tradition symbolically present until this very day. Moreover, while having a shorter history than most of Berlin, the neighborhood is uniquely the most populous;

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN A COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE Essay

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN A COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE - Essay Example However the modern UK banking and Finance owe their evolution to the Crown's dissolution of the monasteries which acted as money keepers in the 1530s.( Chen 1983:1400). Today the UK banking system is extremely advanced in terms of the globalization of its financial markets. The constant development and innovation in its financial operations and strategies has changed both its operational and structural financial landscape. Currently it is highly influenced by the Basel Committee (under the Bank of International Settlements) which was formed in response to the crises caused by the insolvency of Bankaus Herstatt and the problems caused by Nixon's announcement of the closure of the Golden Window ,has worked since 1974 to prevent such risks from injuring the health and wealth of such financial institutions. Of more importance however is the UK's current monetary policy which is aimed at delivering price stability which is a result of low inflation (with the Government's inflation target of 2%. expressed in terms of an annual rate of inflation based on the Consumer Prices Index (CPI).)Currently the Bank of England with its powers under the Bank of England Act 1998 has the role of the financial regulator and can set interest rates with little interference from the government.(expressed in terms of an annual rate of inflation based on the Consumer Prices Index (CPI). The decade of the nineties demonstrated low and relatively stable interest rates in contrast to the high and volatile interest rates which haunted the economy in the seventies.The interest rates also fell following the 9/11 incident,yet the UK financial sector saw definite booms with in the housing sector as interest rates increased in 2004.However the current low interest rates are affecting the system of bond markets, curre ncy markets and stock markets. This has also reportedly led to an increase in the to income ratio for consumers.Before the FSA (Financial Services Authority) became the statutory banking supervisor of the UK through the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000,UK bank supervision was the responsibility of the Bank of England. The Bank of England has been an informal supervisor for British Banks ever since the mid nineteenth century but the Bank of England Act 1979 confirmed these powers by granting it be able to approve or refuse authorization to carry out banking business in the UK. Employment and Inflation Recent statistics show that things are improving in terms of microeconomic indicators like that of employment and reduced inflation.The diagram below gives a rough estimate of the UK interest rates This is because during the past few years the UK has had much success in controlling interest rate fuelled inflationary problems. Employment in the UK reached 29 million in 2006 for the first time; the highest figure since comparable records began in 19711. New evidence from the Bank of England however Inflation Report2 suggests that UK has been hit by stagflation in its financial sector "In the central projection, higher energy and import prices push inflation above the target in the near term. Inflation then falls back to

Ethical issues raised in contemporary media Essay

Ethical issues raised in contemporary media - Essay Example However, the real trouble begins when there is no limitation on what the press can print, because the press will become less reliable over time. In addition to the pressure from the need to attract advertisers, private media must sell copies, even if those sales do not generate the major income, because advertisers want wide dispersal of their ads. Advertisements are priced on two factors: the size of the ad and the circulation of the paper. Even where the press is privately owned, not government controlled and the owners try to insure objectivity, the news is still filtered. Someone chooses what news to present to the public. As long as there is a profit motive in any enterprise, total objectivity is impossible. In the media the big money comes from advertisements, and not subscriptions, so it would be nearly impossible for the media to publish any news which adversely impacts its advertisers. In a tight market where newspapers are struggling to survive, this is doubly so. The free press is not at all free: it has a cost. The main cost is watchfulness. Historically the press has the power to influence the public. In truly participatory governed countries, the press is mandated to provide objective reports on whatever happen in the world. Many of the journalists try to do this, but of late, credibility has been severely strained by the failure of some papers to stay objective. The Staples deal in 1999 is a case in point. The Los Angeles Times was reported as having devoted an Oct. 10 issue of its magazine section to coverage of the new Staples Center sports arena, under a deal to share revenues with the center. This is decidedly a conflict of interest for an objective newspaper. (Jurkowitz, Mark 1999) Worse than this kind of conflict of interest is the exploitation of the public in order to sell newspapers. Sensational stories sell newspapers. Tabloids sell well,

Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany, 1933-45 Essay

Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany, 1933-45 - Essay Example There are no records about how many men perished in those concentration camps and it is very hard to looks for an exact number of how many bore the cruel treatment (Grau, Claudia & Patrick 1995). They were not only punished by the German soldiers instead they also received persecutions from other prisoners, they were beaten to death. Homosexuals in forced labor camps were assigned grueling and blood curdling jobs on the sentence of â€Å"extermination through work† these individuals faced worst punishments than other Jewish inmates in the camps. Estimates of 100,000 men and women homosexuals were arrested in the years between 1933 and 1945 out of which 50,000 were persecuted. Although it is hard to specify, how many of them perished in the concentration camps from hard labor and death sentences. After the end of war these persecutions and deaths were unacknowledged by many countries but later on some men were arrested on the basis of evidence found that dated back to the years of Nazi. It only happened very recently in 2002 that the German government tendered an apology to the gay and lesbian community of their acts. However, these events in the history still serve as a huge controversy and offense among the homosexual community of the society. There are many German famous Jews who have made their mark in the history. Most German Jews either left the country or they were murdered in the Holocaust. Some of the very famous German Jews in history are divided according to their fields.

Grocery, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grocery, Inc - Case Study Example Thus Masterpiece argued that it had done so in the best interests of both the parties involved. John W. Ralls in "Subcontractor May Pursue Claim for Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contract but May Not Pursue a Cardinal Change Theory." June 11, 2001 explains a similar case in Wyoming. Grocery argued that it was not mentioned that the contract would not be handed over to a sub-contractor without the consent of both the parties because the agreement was signed by a trainee, who was not even a major and had no idea or experience about the subject. Thus, the validity of the agreement itself was in question. Also, the quality of construction of the building was very poor, thus putting Grocery's reputation at stake. Grocery is a renowned brand all over the US and is known for its stores and products. The major argument, however was that Masterpiece failed to inform Grocery about the subcontracting of the work to Build To Fall, which was a breach of trust. The Hon'ble court gave the judgment that Masterpiece had indeed resorted to a breach of trust and ordered Masterpiece to redo the whole job, without any extra compensation and within a time-period of four months; or else pay a damage claim of $ xyz. "The parties agree that this is a case of first impression in Missouri as Missouri courts have not specifically addressed whether a creditor is obligated to apply proceeds from a foreclosure sale to all loans in default secured by the same collateral pursuant to a master or umbrella loan agreement. Both parties claim the resolution of the matter is governed by section 400.9-601(a), which provides in pertinent part, (a) After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this part and, except as otherwise provided in section 400.9-602, those provided by agreements of the parties. A secured party: (1) May reduce a claim to judgment, foreclose, or otherwise enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural lien by any available judicial procedure; and section 400.9-615(a), which provides in pertinent part, (a) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash

The Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the role of Indulgences Research Paper

The Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the role of Indulgences behind it - Research Paper Example The deceit and effectiveness of papacy and priests led to chief uprisings. This resulted to splitting and restructuring of the cathedral. With Martin Luther of Germany, came the rebirth of another ideology of protestant church. Indulgence brought world’s supreme brain works and talents of Michelangelo, Bramante, Bernini and Raphael together. They were all working headed for a universal objective, which is creating the most magnificent and religious location in the world. Michelangelo, the chief architect of St Peters, at the time did an inspirational work even to the unbelievers. He goes ahead and says despite corruption and materialism, the basilica was worth it all. Indulgence applies only to the living (Justice 189). The church perceives its authority at faultless and self-proclaims itself as flawless and righteous yet it evidently shows shocking rate of power abuse and failings. In the medieval times the church sold indulgences to build a sanctuary. This does not justify church doctrines and in particular papacy pentagram of administration of the church and magisterium’s judgments. The Catholic Church exquisitely kept from chance of error in her ultimate teaching on matters of devotion and morality yet in those trying times, the church fell contradictorily with its doctrines and mitigated restrictions of infallibility in papacy. The church teaches that avoidance of worldly riches, rule and possessions as an attribute of spiritual livelihood ironically. The popes and the early churchmen funded the building of the cathedral from self-indulgence, corruption and misuse of power. The church taught that prayer and normal supplication in the sacraments might save man from everlasting damnation instead of God’s grace as quoted by Luther. The church granted indulgence paid in coins approved by Pope Adrian 1 in 780 (Pastor 234). This meant that one could commit

Critical synopsis Essay Example for Free

Critical synopsis Essay A book that scrutinizes the increasing competition between China, India, and Japan and how it affects the global financial system, Bill Emmott’s ‘Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India, and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade‘ dwells further on the issues that extend these three nations. Obviously, he recognize the fundamental evolving power rivals in Asia as such region still does not have the merging foundation that have facilitate Europe to its issues. He highlighted the importance of China, India and Japan to encompass a strong influence in the intercontinental associations to boost up their economies without clashing each other’s head. For me, the true essence of the book lies with his ability in molding the readers to understand the issues that these countries have with each other as well as with the US and other key nations without augmenting into alarmism. With the global economic turmoil that started in the US mid July-August 2008, reading the book really sharpens once mind to the reality that Asia, despite it’s own economic meltdown would always have a say in society as it generates a very strong influential power that could either make or break them and the whole world at large. Yes, China’s rapid economic leap is may be in conflict with it’s political reform; India’s economy might be in conflict with it’s key policy and Japan’s old age population issues might yield a very poor economic shrinkage but with the continued boost especially in the Business Process Outsourcing sector (which China and India are the leading provider), all three countries could safeguard their economic stability of course, providing that no chaos arises, which is only possible if all three countries could work harmoniously had in hand and eliminate any possible dilemma that would arise especially as we face the saga of recession.

Ecumenism

Ecumenism Introduction In the following study, the researcher considers the Church teaching that the Holy Spirit invokes a desire within the followers of Christ to unite in one flock under one shepherd. The ways that this call to unity has related to the evangelical mission of the Church is also analysed in the light of this statement. The paper begins with a short reflection on the scriptural vision of unity, and some of the historical dilemmas which have damaged that unity. The theological issues which are at the heart of the Ecumenical Movement and the ways that the Magisterium of the Catholic Church has responded to these issues are then briefly addressed. Finally, some of the practical ways that the whole Church can work for unity are discussed. Church Unity and Division In the Gospel of John (17:20-26) Jesus prays that the witness and unity of the apostles would foster faith in his mission, and that the Church of believers would be united. He gives the Blessed Trinity as the perfect model of unity where he says: May they all be one, just as, Father you are in me and I am in you (Jn 17:21). St Paul emphasises the need to break down the barriers to unity that were prevalent in the early Church, when he wrote in his letter to the Galatians that no distinctions should be made between human beings regardless of gender, race or status in life, because all people are one in Christ Jesus (Gal 3:28-29). In the Great Commission given at the close of Matthews Gospel, the apostles are commanded to go out and make disciples of all nations (Mt 28:16-20). Nonetheless, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (DJ 2) states that although the Church has carried out this mandate over the centuries, its mission is far from completion. They offer the words of St P aul as an imperative: Preaching the Gospel is not a reason for me to boast; it is a necessity laid on meNeuner Depuis states that the Church is sent into the world to bring humanity to a unity of faith, hope and love which spans all divisions. However, many issues have caused disagreement and separation amongst Christians down through the ages. For example, heresies like Docetism and Arianism that emerged in the early Church, but were resolved by the Council of Nicaea in 325, to the severing of relations between the Churches of the East and the Church of the West which escalated in 1054, and the sectarian divisions that resulted from the sixteenth century Reformation. These historical and doctrinal differences still prevent full communion amongst all Christians today. Nonetheless, Vatican II expresses a renewed ecclesiology which sees its approach to ecumenism in a different light. It no longer takes the view that all believers must become Catholic, but instead starts from the divi ne plan for humanity, and looks to develop areas of commonalityThe Second Vatican Council (LG 15) recognises the number of differences in dogma and tradition which exist between Christians, but also knows that all believers are joined in many ways through baptism. The Apostolate teaches that all Christians are united in a real sense to the Catholic Church through the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit who: stirs up desires and actions in all Christs disciples in order that all may be peacefully united, as Christ ordained in one flock under one shepherd'(LG 15). Whilst it is difficult to imagine that all Christians will ever see themselves as being united under one flock, there are many things which they have in common and have the potential to bring them together. For example, there are those who believe in the Trinitarian God, honour the sacred scriptures, and have a devotion to Our Lady. Furthermore, the Catholic Church is working as part of the ecumenical movement to foster good relations with other churches and ecclesiological communities. The Ecumenical Movement Hulmes (2002, p.18) suggests that although it is believed that the ecumenical movement began in the twentieth century, it has a history that reaches back to very beginnings of Christianity. A number of disagreements developed about the mission and nature of Christ as the Gospel spread throughout the Roman Empire. The ecumenical movement could be seen as a reaction to anything that threatened unity amongst the newly baptised. Evidence to support this claim can be found in various scriptural passages. For example, St Paul warned the Corinthians about the dangers of allowing rivalry and jealousy to develop amongst them (1 Cor 3:1-5). There were also problems between Jewish and Gentile Christians regarding circumcision (Acts 15:1-2). Nonetheless, this matter was raised and resolved at the Council of Jerusalem (circa AD 49). In Peters address in the house of Cornelius, he makes it clear that no distinction is made by Christ between Jew and Gentile, as long as they follow his teachings.Hul mes (2002, p.7) states that the scandal of the division that exists amongst the baptised, weakens the impact Christianity has on the secularised world. Nonetheless, this disaster has been reduced somewhat by the ecumenical movement. He also believes that this intra-faith movement has been established because people have listened to the Word of God, and allowed the Holy Spirit to work through them (ibid). Although Catholic involvement in this initiative was limited before the Second Vatican Council, this changed considerably after the promulgation of, Unitatis Redintegratio, the Decree on Ecumenism, in 1964 (ibid 8). This document reflects a considerable development in the Magisterial thinking about the teachings of the Catholic Church, regarding relationships with other Christian denominations (ibid 9). In other words, the Decree on Ecumenism sets out a framework for meaningful and genuine dialogue between the Catholic Church, and other Christian churches and ecclesial communities. The Magisterium (UR 3) teaches that all people who have been baptised are put in some, though imperfect communion with the Catholic Church. However, the differences that exist between the Church of Rome, and these separated brethren in terms of doctrine, discipline and structure, create considerable difficulties. Nonetheless, the ecumenical movement is working continuously to overcome these obstacles. The Sacred Council not only recognises the baptised brothers and sisters of other denominations, but also hopes that one day they will be restored to full and perfect communion with the Catholic Church, to which Our Lord entrusted all the blessings of the New Covenant (ibid). Furthermore, the faithful throughout the world are urged by the Apostolate to participate in the work of ecumenism. They should strive hard through prayer, word and actions to bring about the fullness of unity amongst Christians which is desired by Christ, and is influenced by the Holy Spirit (UR 4). Nonetheless, interior conversion within the Church, involving a renewal of thinking (Eph 4:23) and of attitudes, is required if ecumenism worthy of the name is to be experienced amongst believers.Bliss (2007, p.77) wrote that: there is little doubt that the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church are one in the essentials, although each has developed certain distinguishing features. Vatican II (UR 15) addresses the relative positions of the Eastern Churches, which have maintained valid sacraments and orders, and the Church of Rome. The Magisterium states that the Church of God is built up in stature when the Churches in the East celebrate the Eucharist. The Sacred Council also highlights a number of other liturgical and traditional similarities which exist between the Catholic Church, and the Churches of the East. For example, Eastern Christians honour the Mother of God in hymns of praise, and give homage to the saints, which include the Fathers of the Universal Church. Catholics are encouraged by the Apostolate to avail themselves more often of the spiritual riches of the Eastern Fathers in contemplative prayer. The Decree on Ecumenism also emphasises the importance of preserving the spiritual heritage of the Eastern Churches, and the hope of reconciliation between Christians in the East and West (ibid). This commitment was renewed when Pope Benedict XVI and the Patriarch Bartholomew I, made a joint declaration in Turkey in November, 2006, to continue to works towards achieving full communion.The Second Vatican Council (UR 19) makes particular reference to the churches, and ecclesial communities which were separated from the Apostolic See during the 16th century Reformation. Amongst these is the Anglican Communion, in which some Catholic traditions and institutions sill exist. The Magisterium recognises the desire for peace between all Christians, and hopes that the ecumenical spirit will increase without obstructing the way of divine providence (UR 24). However, there ar e very weighty differences between the Catholic Church, and the breakaway churches of the Reformation. Nonetheless, the desire still exists to find ways that allow meaningful ecumenical dialogue to take place. In the conclusion (UR 24) of the Decree on Ecumenism, the Sacred Council acknowledges that achieving unity amongst all Christians is beyond human power, and places its hope in Christ. Nonetheless, the faithful still have an important role to play in bringing about the healing of historical wounds, and working towards reconciliation (Lk 17:3-4).Bliss (2007, p.1) states that spiritual ecumenism or private prayer for Christian unity (UR 8) was an important prelude to the official entry of the Catholic Church into the ecumenical movement at the Second Vatican Council. Nonetheless, Catholic ministers worked along with clergy from other denominations to promote ecumenical initiatives such as the World Week of Prayer for Christian Unity long before the publication of the Decree on Ec umenism. Bliss (ibid) also believes that prayer is the essential element for all those interested in developing Christian unity today. Cardinal Kasper (2007, p.10) said that it was very significant that Jesus did not express his desire for Church unity in a commandment or teaching, but rather in a prayer to his father in Heaven (Jn 17:20-21). The Cardinal (2007, p.11) also said that prayer for unity is the royal door of ecumenism which enables believers to face hurtful memories courageously, whilst deepening the bonds of communion. Nonetheless, spiritual ecumenism also requires a change of heart and holiness of life that is born out of the call of Christ for conversion (ibid). Hulmes (2002, p.38) suggests that the Catholic Church has not always been as enthusiastic about the promotion of ecumenism as she is today, particularly when it involved other world religions. It was extremely difficult to build good relations with men and women of different beliefs through the Churchs rigorou s application of the extra ecclesiam non est salus (outside the Christian Church there is no salvation) doctrine. Nonetheless, the Second Vatican Council outlined a new approach to inter-faith dialogue in its Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions in 1965. The Sacred Council (Nostra Aetate 2) urges the faithful to engage in dialogue, and collaboration with members of other faiths. Furthermore, it rejects nothing of what is true and holy in these religions. Therefore, Christians should: acknowledge, preserve and encourage the spiritual and moral truths which are held by people of different faiths. Nonetheless, they should not make doctrinal or ethical concessions for the sake of developing easier relations with those of other belief systems. Catholic Church Working for Unity Bliss (2007, p.2) suggests that the Catholic Church has shown a deepening commitment to achieving Christian unity since entering the ecumenical movement. This is demonstrated in the many theological debates which have taken place between the Church of Rome and other churches. A considerable number of magisterial writings have also been issued on the subject of ecumenism. For instance, in 1995 Pope John Paul II (Ut Unum Sint) reiterated the call of the Second Vatican Council for all Christians to unite. He states that the unity of all divided humanity is the will of God, this is why Jesus was sacrificed on Calvary (US 5). He also says that love has the power to bring individuals, and communities into perfect communion (US 21). He gives a reminder that when Christians of different traditions gather in common prayer, they invite Christ himself to be with them: where two or three meet in my name, I am there among them (Mt 18:20). In the same year, John Paul II (Orientale Lumen) also said that it was time for the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church to deepen their level of communion. The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (PCPCU) contributed significantly to the ecumenical movement with the publication of the Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism in 1993. This Directory (4) was aimed not only at ministers of the Catholic Church, but also at all believers who have been called to pray and work for Christian unity. The Pontifical Council (19) states that Christians should not be satisfied with the divisions or forms of communion that exist within the Church at present, because this disharmony weakens its evangelical mission. Nonetheless, people of faith have been impelled by grace to work towards building a new communion of love through prayer, repentance and by ecumenical dialogue (ibid). The document also recommends that ministers and laity within the Catholic Church, experience ecumenical formation, so that they can play their part in the quest for ecclesial unity (ibid 55). A certain amount of reciprocity is encouraged in the sharing of spiritual activities and resources, for the growth of harmony amongst Christians (ibid 105). The Directory also welcomes the increasing cooperation that is taking place between the Catholic Church and other Church Councils (ibid 167). Nonetheless, participation in these Councils must be compatible with Catholic teachings, and must not obscure its identity (ibid 169) Conclusion In this study, the researcher considers some of the ways that the Churchs call to unity has related to its evangelical mission. It seems that there has been a need to work for unity amongst Christians since the early days of the Church. This is evident from the writings of St Paul (1 Cor 3:1-5) where he calls for the Corinthians to abandon the jealousy and rivalry that was developing amongst them. Nonetheless, a considerable number of schisms and disputes have separated Christians over the centuries. The Ecumenical Movement recognises the need for co-operation and dialogue to take place so that the divisions and wounds of the past can be healed. The Catholic Church has not always been enthusiastic about the ecumenical movement. However, it became more committed to working for Christian unity after the promulgation of the Decree on Ecumenism at the Second Vatican Council. This is demonstrated by the large number writings which Catholic bishops have produced on the subject of ecumenism , and the amount of dialogue which they have entered into with other Churches and ecclesial communities since the Scared Council closed. Furthermore, these discussions have reached beyond the boundaries of those of the Christian faith. The Church also realises the importance of fostering good relations with people of different religions. Finally, it is hard to imagine a world that is united in the same belief. Perhaps the way forward is to make this pilgrimage together hand-in-hand as John Paul II suggested at the Mass in Bellahouston Park in 1982.

The Integumentary Organ System Biology Essay

The Integumentary Organ System Biology Essay The integumentary system is the organ system that is made up of the skin, which can be hair, feather, nails, and scales. The integumentary system is vital to an organism because it acts as a shield and protects the organism from the outside environment like the weather, infectious organisms and acts as an touch and pain receptor. The integumentary system consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The integumentary system is different for the four dissection animals. The earthworm has a moist, lubricated body to help it burrow through the earth. The crayfish has a hard exoskeleton, which really very different integumentary system than the other organisms, to protect itself from sharp objects and other predators. The grass frog has skin, which is waterproof to avoid water loss and dehydration. Lastly, the white rat has a short length of fur on the epidermis to aid it in maintaining homeostasis by regulating temperature. The advantages of these varieties in the organisms depend on the environment they live in. For example, the grass frog has a moist waterproof layer of skin because it lives in a wet habitat such as a pond or lake. This allows it to move in the water and come up on dry land if needed. The skin allows enough water to osmose into and hydrate the body but keeps excess water out. Some disadvantages of moist skins are that organisms will need to stay near sources of water or else they will get dehydrated and die. The earthworm who lives underground relies on its moist skin to be able to move through the soil. It also has the ability to create lubricating liquid which helps it move. An advantage it has is because its segmented, it is very flexible. However, the disadvantage is its size. Because the earthworm is so small and has little to no protection because of its thin layer of skin, it can easily be crushed by other animals. The crayfish relies on its hard exoskeleton shell for protectio n. It has tiny little hairs on its legs that can sense movements in the water. The disadvantage of the crayfish is that once the shell is gone, it will be exposed to danger and easily killed. The rat with its fur on top of a thin layer of skin can keep warm. It has whiskers on its snout and nails on its feet and the tail has rough hardened skin. A disadvantage could be wet fur can lower its body temperature. Also, with mouse traps like sticky ones, it can trap the rat because of its fur. As evolution made changes, it required new forms of integumentary systems. The first forms of animals which were fish were cold-blooded and up to the reptiles, they all had either scales or moist skin. As the earliest animals, they lived in the water and their scales confined them to the water. The amphibians lived mostly on water but were able to come up to dry land but not for long. The first class of animals that were warm-blooded are birds. They needed a way to keep a temperature that is at their homeostatic level so they have feathers. This helped them keep warm and also allowed them to fly. In mammals, which are also warm-blooded, have fur or hair. This allows them to keep warm and maintain homeostasis. The disadvantages of furred animals are if there is a sudden change in weather like a heat wave, then thickly furred animals will die from the heat. The integumentary system is a vital part of an organism which has its advantages and disadvantages depending on its environment. Muscle and Skeletal System The muscle system is the organ system which allows an organism to move. In vertebrates, the muscle system is controlled by the nervous system. There are three types of muscles which are: skeletal, cardiac, and heart muscles. The muscle system is very important to an organism because it provides strength, posture, and the ability to move for an organism. The skeletal system is the reason why an animal has its form and shape. It also acts as a protective cage for all the important and vital organs in the body. Also, it allows organisms to move the way they do. There are three different kinds of skeletons. The first one is an endoskeleton. An animal with an endoskeleton has a skeleton inside its body like a human being. The second is an exoskeleton, which occurs in animals like crabs. Last is a hydro skeleton, where there isnt really a skeleton but is a fluid-filled cavity. In our dissection animals, we can see that there are many differences in the animals muscle and skeletal system. The worm has a hydro skeleton body and it relies on its muscles to be able to move around by using muscular contraction. The worm has an advantage because it has a hydro skeleton which allows it to be very flexible. Evolution probably played a role in giving the earthworm an amazing ability. It has the power to regenerate lost segments in its body. It has great anabolic capabilities in its muscles, and in any case that it loses a couple of segments, then it can just regenerate it back. This can make up for its weak skeleton. Its disadvantages are it can easily be crushed because of its weak skeleton. In the crayfish, it has a exoskeleton which gives it good protection. Evolution played a role in making them have hard exoskeletons to survive in competitive waters. Also, because it has an exoskeleton it is an advantage and disadvantage. With its exoskeleton it has better pro tection but when it molts, it will be at its most vulnerable to predators and danger. The crayfish is divided into two segments: which are the abdomen and cephalothorax. It relies on its muscles in its eight legs used for moving around and a pair of strong pincers for getting food, attacking and defending itself. Also, it has a tail which is used to propel itself forward. The frog has a endoskeleton. It has long hind legs that allow to them to leap, jump, and swim away from danger. I believe that evolution has made frogs have strong powerful legs. Its long femur and powerful femur and tibias play a role in their survival. Last but not least, there is the rat which has a endoskeleton. The rat is similar to the frog but has smaller arm and leg bones and muscles. The rat relies on strong incisors and muscles for gnawing. Evolution played a role in rats because they must adapt to their food source. Therefore, they must have incisors which are accustomed to their food source. One last thing is the differences between invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are animals which have no back bone and vertebrates do. The worm and crayfish are invertebrates while the frog and rat are vertebrates. The muscle and skeletal system are important to organisms because they give them their form and shape and the ability to move. Also those two systems help them survive in their environments. Digestive System In all animals, the digestive system is an important system that breaks eaten food down into small enough pieces in order to diffuse into the cell and make feces as a way to get rid of the waste from digestion. This system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestine, rectum, and lastly the anus. Starting at the mouth when you smell the good food, your mouth will release an enzyme called salivary amylase that will lubricate the food so it will be able to go down the esophagus. After chewing and the food is drenched in the amylase, it will go down the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube like structure leading from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is the organ that stores food, contains catabolic enzymes and produces acid to break down the food, and is responsible for killing microbes in the food we eat. When it leaves the stomach, the food would be in a liquid form and be able to enter the small intestine. There, the small intestine will finish the digestion process started by the stomach and further break the food down by the catabolic enzymes. Once the food is broken down into either disaccharides, fats, nucleic acids, or any smaller form, it will be absorbed and enter the blood stream straight into the cells to be used as energy. In the large intestine, any unabsorbed food, waste material, will be formed into feces. Also, it will reabsorb water and help create new good bacteria. Lastly, the feces will exit the body by the rectum, then out the anus into the environment. In the earthworm, we see a difference in the digestive system. It has a mouth, esophagus, but a crop and gizzard. The crop is where the swallowed food are stored. The gizzard is where all the food are broken down. Because the earthworm has no teeth, it uses rocks that were swallowed and its strong muscles to break down the food. It goes through the rest of the digestive process and the feces exit through the anus. For the crayfish, it uses its mandible and maxillas to take food in. It goes through the esophagus and into the stomach. The crayfish stomach is specialized to grind food up to be digested. It goes through the intestines, rectum, and lastly, out through the anus. In the frog, its long tongue snatches prey into its mouth, however it has weak maxillary teeth. It has the same digestive organs. The rat, has the same digestive organs as the frog. However, the liver is the largest organ in the rat. I believe for the rat, evolution made the rats liver larger because as rats became situated in the industrial and urbanized environment, it had to adapt to the new food sources, like trash and dirty food. Therefore, the liver became important in order for the rat to safely eat the food and not get intoxicated or sick. The digestive system is important to organisms because without them, there would be no way for them to survive as they wont be able to provide nutrients and energy to their cells. Respiratory System The respiratory system is the system in animals which is responsible for bringing in fresh oxygen to the lungs and to breathe out carbon dioxide. This system is made up of the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm. In fishes they contain gills, and in some organisms, they do not have any respiratory organs and use the skin to take in oxygen. When animals breath in, oxygen would go into the nose then mouth. The air travels down the trachea and then into either the left or right bronchi then into the bronchiole tubes, which then leads into the lungs. The oxygen would then fill up tiny sacs called alveoli. As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen will then diffuse into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and travel out the respiratory system. In our dissection animals, we see a variety of differences. In the earthworm, it does not possess any form of respiratory organs. It only takes in oxygen through the skin and in return expels carbon dioxide with the same method. In the crayfish, its gills are responsible for getting oxygen. Gills act as filters that pushes water out and trap the oxygen from the water. The oxygen is then able to diffuse into the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses out. For the grass frog, it works the same way as the earthworm. However, in its early stages of life which is being a tadpole, it has gills. In its adult stage, it will be able to use its lungs and also take in oxygen by absorbing oxygen through its skin. In the rat, it is similar to a human being. It will breathe in oxygen through its nose then go into the trachea, bronchi, bronchiole tube, into the lungs, in the alveoli, exchange gases, then the CO2 will exit out the system. The differences in organs can relate to evolution. For example, when the frog evolved into its amphibious state, it needed to be able to breathe on land. Therefore, it went from gills, to lungs when it morphed into its adult stage. I dont think the earthworm and crayfish had any minor changes in their system because they have been on this planet for a long time and their environments do not require them to have any adaptations. Therefore, the respiratory system is a vital system to organisms because they are responsible for taking and exchanging the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in our body. Circulatory System The circulatory system is responsible for circulating oxygenated blood throughout the body. The heart is the main organ which is responsible for this, and is also the second most vital organ in the body. The process of which blood travels throughout the body is first entering the right atrium, then down into the right ventricle, then into the lungs. As oxygen diffuses into the un-oxygenated blood by passing the alveoli, it travels back into the left atrium and down the left ventricle then out into the aorta for the whole body. In our dissection animals there are many differences in their circulatory system. The earthworm has five hearts in total. It has long blood vessels to carry blood throughout its body. In the crayfish, it only has one heart and is a two chambered heart. Blood vessels also bring blood throughout its body. In the frog, it has one heart and has three chambers. Blood vessels and arteries bring the blood throughout the body. Lastly, the white rat has one heart and is a four chambered heart. Blood vessels and arteries carry the blood throughout the body. The advantages of the different chambered hearts are that the more chambers there are, the more oxygen will be available to the blood. The disadvantages are there is less oxygen available for the blood to carry; for example, the frog has a three chambered heart. In the ventricle, the oxygenated and un-oxygenated blood will get mixed and therefore, carry less oxygen. I think that evolution played a role in evolving the organisms hearts, because animals like the rat that require quick movement, needs more than two chambers to provide sufficient oxygen throughout the body to function at its best. In conclusion, the circulatory is a vital organ in an organism which provides oxygenated blood throughout the body.

Neurodegenerative Diseases Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Neurodegenerative Diseases A piece of well-oiled machinery consists of an intricate and complex system: there are well-organized processes, mechanisms within the device work efficiently, and multiple processes function simultaneously to subsequently perform various functions. What happens when there is a glitch in the machine? When there is something wrong, such as connections between intricate processes, which do not follow through, the machine fails to function properly. In some cases, there are not any adjustment or fallback mechanisms. At that point, the damage can be irreversible and the machinery is no longer salvageable. [However, this can illustrate the interactions and processes within the complex machinery.] The human brain can react in much the same way. Neurodegenerative diseases are telltale signs of a "glitch" in the neural mechanical processes within the brain. Thus, pathological problems of the brain demonstrate how the brain controls movement and behavior. It is evident in the physical as well as emotional behavior. (5) It also illustrates the interaction between the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. There must be connections between neural activity within the brain and the rest of the central and peripheral nervous systems. One can also understand an illustration of the brain as being a "box" composed of interconnected smaller boxes. These integrated boxes in turn demonstrate the concept that, "Brain=Behavior=Being." The purpose of this essay is to provide a general overview, as well as neurological overview, of the neurodegenerative disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. In doing so, it will show how the brain proves to be the center of behavior and creates the individual's sense... ...The fact that one's neural communication is severed and eventually shuts down all body function control, is evident. The knowledge that one's brain is "riddled with holes" due to a proteinaceous infectious particle is speculative. Although many think that an individual is much more than mere neural connections, firing motor symphonies, neurotransmitters, and selective permeability, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease puts a new spin on individual identity. Ultimately, the patients or their loved ones do not focus on the CJD facts and figures. Their reality is that an individual slowly disintegrates before their eyes, the sense of "the Self" is lost. Works Cited: http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/path.htm http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/intro.htm http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk./lancet.htm Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology , W.H.Freeman and Company Copyright 1997, pg.437. Neurodegenerative Diseases Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers Neurodegenerative Diseases A piece of well-oiled machinery consists of an intricate and complex system: there are well-organized processes, mechanisms within the device work efficiently, and multiple processes function simultaneously to subsequently perform various functions. What happens when there is a glitch in the machine? When there is something wrong, such as connections between intricate processes, which do not follow through, the machine fails to function properly. In some cases, there are not any adjustment or fallback mechanisms. At that point, the damage can be irreversible and the machinery is no longer salvageable. [However, this can illustrate the interactions and processes within the complex machinery.] The human brain can react in much the same way. Neurodegenerative diseases are telltale signs of a "glitch" in the neural mechanical processes within the brain. Thus, pathological problems of the brain demonstrate how the brain controls movement and behavior. It is evident in the physical as well as emotional behavior. (5) It also illustrates the interaction between the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. There must be connections between neural activity within the brain and the rest of the central and peripheral nervous systems. One can also understand an illustration of the brain as being a "box" composed of interconnected smaller boxes. These integrated boxes in turn demonstrate the concept that, "Brain=Behavior=Being." The purpose of this essay is to provide a general overview, as well as neurological overview, of the neurodegenerative disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. In doing so, it will show how the brain proves to be the center of behavior and creates the individual's sense... ...The fact that one's neural communication is severed and eventually shuts down all body function control, is evident. The knowledge that one's brain is "riddled with holes" due to a proteinaceous infectious particle is speculative. Although many think that an individual is much more than mere neural connections, firing motor symphonies, neurotransmitters, and selective permeability, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease puts a new spin on individual identity. Ultimately, the patients or their loved ones do not focus on the CJD facts and figures. Their reality is that an individual slowly disintegrates before their eyes, the sense of "the Self" is lost. Works Cited: http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/path.htm http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/intro.htm http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk./lancet.htm Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology , W.H.Freeman and Company Copyright 1997, pg.437.

An Apology From Socrates :: Philosophy

The Apology is Socrates' defense at his trial. As the dialogue begins, Socrates notes that his accusers have cautioned the jury against Socrates' eloquence, according to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that Socrates speaks the truth. Socrates distinguished two groups of accusers: the earlier and the later accusers. The earlier group is the hardest to defend against, since they do not appear in court. He is all so accused of being a Sophist: that he is a teacher and takes money for his teaching. He attempts to explain why he has attracted such a reputation. The oracle was asked if anyone was wiser than Socrates was. The answer was no, there was no man wiser. Socrates cannot believe this oracle, so he sets out to disprove it by finding someone who is wiser. He goes to a politician, who is thought wise by him self and others. Socrates does not think this man to be wise and tells him so. As a consequence, the politician hated Socrates, as did others who heard the questioning. "I am better off, because while he knows nothing but thinks that he knows, I neither know nor think that I know" (Socrates). He questioned politicians, poets, and artisans. He finds that the poets do not write from wisdom, but by genius and inspiration. Meletus charges Socrates with being "a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the State, and has other new divinities of his own." In his examination of Meletus, Socrates makes three main points: 1) Meletus has accused Socrates of being the only corrupter, while everyone else improves the youth. Socrates then uses an analogy: a horse trainer is to horses as an improver is to the youth. The point is that there is only one improver, not many. 2) If Socrates corrupts the youth, either it is intentional or unintentional. No one would corrupt his neighbor intentionally, because he would harm himself in the process. If the corruption was unintentional, then the court is not the place to resolve the problem. The other possibility is that he does not corrupt them at all. 3) In frustration, Meletus accuses Socrates of being "a complete atheist," at the same time he claims Socrates teaches new gods. Thus, Meletus contradicts himself. Socrates argues that fear of death is foolish, because it is not known if death is a good or an evil, thus there is no reason to fear death.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay

Walk several blocks in almost any city in America and you’ll pass at least one Starbucks, if not more. And the same is true for most cities outside of the United States. The Starbucks empire has grown to 6,000 U.S. outlets and about 2,500 international locations. For some consumers, Starbucks is an obsession, and they just can’t begin their day without their cup of Starbucks coffee! In addition, while years ago people used to hang out at the corner candy store, today many people spend considerable time at their local Starbucks. They drink coffee, tea, and/or other specialty beverages, they bring their laptop and wirelessly connect to the Internet, they meet friends to chat, or they meet business associates to make deals. Is there anyone in America, at least old enough to be in kindergarten, who doesn’t know what Starbucks is? Questions Since everybody knows Starbucks, answer the following questions in the Indian context. For example, against question 1 below view the person as an India; and in response to question 4, identify an Indian celebrity. Some search on the internet about Starbucks and what its brand imagery stands for would help you with your answers. 1. If Starbucks was a person, describe the person in terms of demographics, personality, and lifestyle characteristics 2. If Starbucks was an animal, which animal would it be, and why? 3. If Starbucks was a color, which color would it be, and why? 4. If Starbucks was a celebrity (e.g., a sports figure, a movie or TV star), which celebrity would it be, and why? And why was your choice male or female?

Engineering HSC Civil Structures

1. What development in motor cars led to the need to replace the block brake? What was the replacement? With the adoption of pneumatic rubber tyres for cars in 1895, the block brake became impractical and was replaced as an automobile brake, and was replaced by the contracting band brake. 2. Who invented the drum brake? In what year did this occur? In 1902 Louis Renault invented the internal expanding drum brake. 3. Why was the drum brake superior to its predecessors? First, the shoes are enclosed on the drum so the friction lining is away from water or dirt, so they last longer. The drum brake also exhibits servo-assistance, in both forward and reverse; the leading shoe exhibits servo assistance in forward travel, the trailing shoe in reverse travel. 4. Why are the disc brakes used extensively now? The disc brake offers better heat dissipation than the drum brake and also offers better weather performance as water is thrown off the disc by centrifugal force. 5. Why is asbestos still allowed in brake linings in Australia? Asbestos gave the break lining greater stability at higher temperatures, thus the linings are more resistant to break failure form the heat. 6. The coefficient of friction (Â µ) is ratio between what two values? The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the frictional force present and the normal reaction to the matting surfaces. Â µ=FFRN 7. What is the tensile stress in a brake cable of diameter 2 mm if the tensile force in the cable is 200N? 8. Draw a stress strain curve for mild steel; label the proportional limit, the upper and lower yield points and the UTS. . What is the difference between elastic and plastic deformation? 10. State Pascals principle. Why is it important to hydraulics? 11. What is steel? 12. What is the difference between austenite and ferrite? 13. What is pearlite? 14. What happens to the hardness of steel as the amount of cementite increases? 15. Describe what martensite is. 16. Why is manganese added to steels? 17. What effect will nickel have if added to a low alloy steel? 18. Why is molybdenum added to the nickel-chromium steels? 19. Why is Hadfield steel used for? What is different about its structure at room temperature as opposed to plain carbon steels? 20. There are three types of stainless steels available. List three and describe the uses of each? 21. Which stainless steel is non-magnetic? 22. What is the difference cast iron and steel? 23. Carbon appears in different forms in cast irons, how does it appear in white cast iron and grey cast iron? 24. Which type of grey cast iron is stronger, fine or course? 25. How do SG cast iron and CG cast iron differ? 26. Blackheart malleable cast iron has free carbon present in Whiteheart malleable cast iron? 27. Is free carbon present in Whiteheart malleable cast iron? 28. Why is copper added to break pads? 29. What type of resin is used to bind the break pad together? 30. Draw two stress strain diagrams, one showing high toughness, and one displaying high strength but a brittle failure. 31. What are the four hardness tests available? 32. Find the tension in the vertical and horizontal cables for the brake system shown. Slove this problem graphically then analytically.

Research Article Essay

Summarizing a Research Article Research articles use a standard format to clearly communicate information about an experiment. A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References. Sometimes there are minor variations, such as a combined ‘Results’ and ‘Discussion’ section, or an overall General Discussion section in which multiple experiments are presented in one article. Reading the Article Allow enough time. Allot at least half the time that you spend on this assignment to reading and understanding the article. Before you can write about the research, you have to understand it. This takes more time than most students realize. Does the author’s study make sense to you in lay terms (could you explain the study to your roommate)? When you can clearly explain the study in your own words, then you are ready to write about it. Here’s how to proceed. Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish, you’ll get bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of APA format to find the main points. Briefly look at each section to identify: †¢ the research question and reason for the study (stated in the Introduction) the hypothesis or hypotheses tested (Introduction) how the hypothesis was tested (Method) the findings (Results, including tables and figures) how the findings were interpreted (Discussion) Underline key sentences or write the key point (e. g. , hypothesis, design) of each paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to identify the main points, you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it contains highly condensed information. Read for depth, read interactively. After you have highlighted the main points, read each section several times. As you read, ask yourself these questions: †¢ How does the design of the study address the question posed? What are the controls for each experiment? How convincing are the results? Are any of the results surprising? What does this study contribute toward answering the original question? What aspects of the original question remain unanswered? Plagiarism. Plagiarism is always a risk when summarizing someone else’s work. To avoid it: †¢ Take notes in your own words. Avoid writing complete sentences when note-taking. Summarize points in your own words. If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language and making only minor changes to the wording, then you probably don’t understand the study. Writing the Summary Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to give the reader a brief, structured overview of the study. To write a good summary, identify what information is important and condense that information for your reader. The better you understand a subject, the easier it is to explain it thoroughly and briefly. Write a first draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. The number of suggested sentences given in parentheses below is only a rough guideline for the relative length of each section. Adjust the length accordingly depending on the content of your particular article. †¢ State the research question and explain why it is interesting (1 sentence). †¢ State the hypothesis/hypotheses tested (1 sentence). †¢ Briefly describe the methods (design, participants, materials, procedure, what was manipulated [independent variables], what was measured [dependent variables], how data were analyzed (13 sentences). Describe the results. What differences were significant? (1-3 sentences). †¢ Explain the key implications of the results. Avoid overstating the importance of the findings (1 sentence). †¢ The results, and the interpretation of the results, should relate directly to the hypothesis. For the first draft, focus on content, not length (it will probably be too long). Condense later as needed. Try writing about the hypotheses, methods and results first, then about the introduction and discussion last. If you have trouble on one section, leave it for a while and try another. Edit for completeness and accuracy. Add information for completeness where necessary. More commonly, if you understand the article, you will need to cut redundant or less important information. Stay focused on the research question, be concise, and avoid generalities. The Methods summary is often the most difficult part to edit. See the questions under ‘Reading interactively’ to help you decide what is important to include. Edit for style. Write to an intelligent, interested, naive, and slightly lazy audience (e. g. yourself, your classmates). Expect your readers to be interested, but don’t make them struggle to understand you. Include all the important details; don’t assume that they are already understood. †¢ Eliminate wordiness, including most adverbs (â€Å"very†, â€Å"clearly†). â€Å"The results clearly showed that there was no difference between the groups† can be shortened to â€Å"There was no significant difference betw een the groups†. †¢ Use specific, concrete language. Use precise language and cite specific examples to support assertions. Avoid vague references (e. g. â€Å"this illustrates† should be â€Å"this result illustrates†). †¢ Use scientifically accurate language. For example, you cannot â€Å"prove† hypotheses (especially with just one study). You â€Å"support† or â€Å"fail to find support for† them. †¢ Rely primarily on paraphrasing, not direct quotes. Direct quotes are seldom used in scientific writing. Instead, paraphrase what you have read. To give due credit for information that you paraphrase, cite the author’s last name and the year of the study. †¢ Re-read what you have written.

Payroll Case Essay

Kudler Fine Foods uses a biometric time system which requires the usage of time clocks to monitor the time employees engaged in work responsibilities. The method requires the use of a finger touch pad to identify the numerous time punches made by the employee. The employees information is entered upon hired into the company’s payroll system. Based on the numerous time punches made, the organization evaluates the employees work hours and computes the employees salary. The computation for employee salary includes â€Å"regular time, overtime time, bonuses, holiday pay, vacation pay, etc.† and both federal and state deductions as well as other government deductions and individual benefit deductions such as 401(k) contributions to the employee’s salary (Apollo Group Inc., 2013). Although, this is an effective method to monitor employee work hours and compete payroll, the company’s current system is not directly linked amongst the three operating subsidiaries. The purchase of an industry-specific software can help integrate the flow of information from the three locations by establishing an effective method of recording all of the data and feeding the database. This could prove to be cost-effective considering the expense associated with the development of a customized software. However, some modifications may be required for an industry-specific software in order to suit the company’s demands. The idea is to integrate the three subsidiaries and create a better way of obtaining information and storing data. The system may require a modification to how employee hours are recorded according to the software’s specifications. The process will should remain similar to Kudler’s Fine Foods existing procedure requiring the need to store personal information such as exemptions and other personal data for taxing purposes. The system will maintain employee records and any update made to those records. The employee personnel responsible for administrating payroll can view this information via the integrated system and make adjustments if necessary using proper clearance by a member of management. This system will add value by improving the effectiveness of flow of data and by ensuring that there is sufficient evidence to support payroll computations amongst the subsidiary stores. References Apollo Group Inc., (2007, 2010, 2011, 2013). Kudler Fine Foods. Finance & Accounting; Accounting System Overview. Retrieved on February 11, 2013 from the University of Phoenix.

Career Research Paper

This Job Involves many skills. Since physical therapists are always working with people they must enjoy working with all different kinds of people. Touching others is also a large part of this job. They not only have to help a patient get better and help prevent injury. A therapist must have a good understanding of the human body and be able to show patients various exercises.There have been various types of therapy: heat and cold, hydrotherapy, electrotherapist, and massage and exercise according to Churchman. Heat and cold involves heating and cooling the Injury with various tools. Hydrotherapy Includes using hot water to help with various injuries. Electrotherapist Involves using electric shocks to relax the muscles. Massage and Exercise involves using acupressure and electrical stimulation. Today physical therapists make their own history through research. Rather than following everyone else they research to find what works best for them and their patients.The general duties of a physical therapist, according to Churchman, Include transporting patients, make-up of treatment tables, cleaning arioso machines, clerical work, talk with patients to become familiar with them and their injuries. They tend to work 40 hours a week and often-on Saturdays according to â€Å"Physical Therapists†. This article also states therapists tent to work one on one with patients and rarely work in groups since each injury is different they cannot be grouped together.The income off physical therapist ranges from $50,000 to $104,000 according to â€Å"Physical Therapists† and assistants tend to earn an average of $32,000 as stated in Churchman. The education needed for this Job once involved eating a physical education degree but has changed since them. However in 2001 all programs for physical therapy will be at the matters degree level and above. Students will need their undergraduate grades and volunteer experience in physical therapy. The undergraduate classes sh ould have a balanced combination of course that will teach you how to live and how to earn a living.Understand the development of humanity spiritual and social needs as well as physical needs. Therapists must think logically and be able to write and speak effectively. They must learn to have strong relationships with their patients. Tarring In high school they should start taking courses that will help them learn all of these skills. A few classes include biology, English, physics, first aid, and health. In college or university there are many programs to help physical therapists get the requirements they need.Physical Therapist Assistants require a two-year associate degree that gives students theoretical and practical knowledge. Physical therapists mostly work In the field with baccalaureate degrees but most students today earn a master's. Henderson also mentions that all students need some clinical experience while they are studying to et their various degrees. A few ways to get started it taking positions in large teaching hospitals in metropolitan areas to gain experience. The armed forces or the U. S. Public Health Service are also a good place to start.Hospitals or local practices are also available in most areas. Many new graduates tend to go to hospitals first. This Job really Interests me because I enjoy working with people and I always want to freshmen at San Marco's and was studying to become a Sports Medicine Trainer. I have always looked up to her and we have always had similar interests. I looked into Sports Medicine and found it quite interesting but I knew I would not be able to handle that much pressure. Later in my freshman year, my knees started to bother me while I was dancing so I went to an orthopedic surgeon to get a diagnosis.I noticed the physical therapist's office across the lobby but did not know anything about them. When I got home I began to research physical therapy and found it really interesting. I took anatomy and physiology in high school and fell in love with learning how the body moves. I am now in my third year at community college and I till have one more year before I plan on transferring to San Marco's Sinology program. From there I plan to get my master's, possibly Loam Linda, and my PhD from SST. Augustine in San Marco's or Loam Linda.San Marco's will help set up an internship at the new hospital in Tentacle and I am hoping to get a Job there while I finish up my education. Eventually I plan to open my own private practice, possibly specialize in a sport and work with athletes or work with the armed forces. Looking more into working for the armed forces, I could either enlist as an officer or work as a civilian. Enlisting as an officer would involve going through basic combat training, advanced individual training, and officer schooling.If I were to work as a civilian according to Henderson, many civilians hold two Jobs. Rather than only working for the military they tend to work at other pract ices or hospitals in the area. I feel I would also have to be very positive to help all the military men and women stay positive and keep working hard. Another issue with enlisting would be getting certified in each state. According to Henderson a therapist must be certified in the state before they are able to start practicing.